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All living things store usable chemical energy in the bonds of chemical compounds. Most organisms
store energy as fats and oils. These biomolecules are very large; large means more bonds and
therefore more stored energy. The main component of animal fats and vegetable oils are
triglycerides. Each triglyceride molecule is made of one glycerol molecule as the backbone and three
fatty acids. The formula for a triglyceride can vary because (1) the length of each fatty acid chain can
vary from 14 to 24 carbons; (2) it may contain as many as three different fatty acids; and (3) the
bonds between carbon atoms may be either single and/or double covalent bonds. See the figure
above.
In a saturated fatty acid only single bonds are found between carbon atoms. “Saturated” indicates
that the carbon atoms hold all the possible hydrogen atoms that can be attached. Saturated fats
contain only saturated fatty acid chains. An unsaturated fatty acid contains one or more double
bonds in the carbon atom chains. “Unsaturated” indicates that more hydrogen atoms can be
attached to the carbon atoms.
The main difference between fats and oils is that fats are solids at room temperature while oils are
liquids. Oils, usually from plant materials, contain mostly unsaturated fatty acids. Fats, on the other
hand, usually come from animals and contain many saturated fatty acids.
Nutrition science refers to mono-unsaturated fats as “good fats”. Olive oil and canola oil are both
mono-unsaturated. Mono-unsaturated fats are thought to increase the levels of good cholesterol
(HDL) by taking the LDL to the liver to be broken down and removed from the body. It is believed
that saturated fatty acids increase the levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) and contribute to clogged
arteries.
Directions
1. What is the main difference between fats and oils? (one clause)
Correct
2. An unsaturated fatty acid differs from a saturated fatty acid how? (one
sentence)
3. Unsaturated means that more _______________ can be attached to the
carbon chain. (two words)
4. What is the main component of fats and oils? (one word)
5. What are good fats? (one two-word phrase)
6. What causes clogged arteries? (three words)
Answer Key
All living things store usable chemical energy in the bonds of chemical compounds. Most organisms
store energy as fats and oils. These biomolecules are very large; large means more bonds and
therefore more stored energy. The main component of animal fats and vegetable oils
are triglycerides. Each triglyceride molecule is made of one glycerol molecule as the backbone and
three fatty acids. The formula for a triglyceride can vary because (1) the length of each fatty acid
chain can vary from 14 to 24 carbons; (2) it may contain as many as three different fatty acids; and
(3) the bonds between carbon atoms may be either single and/or double covalent bonds. See the
figure above.
In a saturated fatty acid only single bonds are found between carbon atoms. “Saturated” indicates
that the carbon atoms hold all the possible hydrogen atoms that can be attached. Saturated fats
contain only saturated fatty acid chains. An unsaturated fatty acid contains one or more double
bonds in the carbon atom chains. “Unsaturated” indicates that more hydrogen atoms can be
attached to the carbon atoms.
The main difference between fats and oils is that fats are solids at room temperature while oils are
liquids. Oils, usually from plant materials, contain mostly unsaturated fatty acids. Fats, on the other
hand, usually come from animals and contain many saturated fatty acids.
Nutrition science refers to mono-unsaturated fats as “good fats”. Olive oil and canola oil are both
mono-unsaturated. Mono-unsaturated fats are thought to increase the levels of good cholesterol
(HDL) by taking the LDL to the liver to be broken down and removed from the body. It is believed
thatsaturated fatty acids increase the levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) and contribute to clogged
arteries.
Directions
1. What is the main difference between fats and oils? (one clause)
2. An unsaturated fatty acid differs from a saturated fatty acid how? (one
sentence)
3. Unsaturated means that more _______________ can be attached to the
carbon chain. (two words)
4. What is the main component of fats and oils? (one word)
5. What are good fats? (one two-word phrase)
6. What causes clogged arteries? (three words)
Correct