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SBI4U
Biological Macromolecules II- Lipids
Main Function:
Special Feature:
Groupings:
Types: 1. Triglycerides
2. Phospholipids
3. Steroids
1. Triglycerides
Structure
 Triglycerides are composed of ___________________________________________
Formation and Breakdown
 Triglycerides are formed through a ____________________ reaction between __________
_________________________________
 Triglycerides are broken down into ____________________________ through hydrolysis
2 Types of Fatty Acids
1. _________________________
2. _________________________
Saturated Fatty Acids
 _____________________ at room temperature
 Contain only ______________ C-C bonds (resulting in __________________ chains)
 During digestion they are turned into “________________________” which can clog
arteries
 Ex.
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
 _______________ at room temperature
 Contain _________________ C-C bonds (resulting in __________________ chains)
 Unsaturated fats with more than one double bond are called ________________________
 Ex.
Trans Fats
 Unsaturated fat (contains _____________________) that has the properties of a saturated fat
 Often solid at room temperature
 Bad for you! Also causes an increase in “____________________”
 Configurations of the double bond results in straight chains
2. Phospholipids
Structure:
 Fat derivatives in which one fatty acid has been replaced by a ___________________
and one of several nitrogen-containing molecules.
 an important part of the _________________________ (phospholipid bilayer)
 Composed of _________________________________________________________
 Phosphate head is _________________ (“water-loving”) and fatty acid tails are
___________________ (“water-hating”)
3. Steroids
 Very ____________________ structure to other lipids
 Made of 4 __________________________________
 Include hormones such as _______________________
Homework:
1. Fill out the chart below
Saturated
Unsaturated
# of double bonds
between Carbons
Shape of Chains
State at room
temperature
Which are better for
you?
Examples
2. Considering the structure of the chains explain why saturated fats are solid at room
temperature while unsaturated fats are liquid. Use a diagram to illustrate your answer.
3. Amphiphillic means that a macromolecule has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties.
Which type of lipid demonstrates this? Looking at it’s structure explain why it has both
properties.