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Back Lesson Print Name Class Date Skills Worksheet Directed Reading A Section: The Urinary System ______ 1. What is excretion? a. the process of digesting food b. the process of breathing c. the process of removing waste from the body d. the process of adding nutrients to the body 2. What is the job of the urinary system? CLEANING THE BLOOD 3. What are two examples of wastes that the urinary system removes from the blood? THE KIDNEYS AS FILTERS ______ 4. How many kidneys does a person normally have? a. one b. two c. three d. four ______ 5. Which of the following is the job of the nephrons? a. They remove wastes from the blood. b. They produce urea. c. They produce urine. d. They clean the kidneys. 6. What do the kidneys do? 7. What is urea? Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science and Technology 5 The Digestive and Urinary Systems Back Lesson Print Name Class Date Directed Reading A continued WATER IN, WATER OUT ______ 8. Why do humans sweat? a. to cleanse the skin b. to cool the body c. to produce saliva d. to control thirst 9. Why does your body need to excrete as much water as it brings in? 10. What does ADH do? 11. What effect does a diuretic have on your body? URINARY SYSTEM PROBLEMS ______12. Kidney stones are made of which of the following substances? a. viruses b. waste materials c. ADH d. bacteria 13. How can bacteria get into the bladder and ureters? 14. What can happen if the nephrons are damaged? Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science and Technology 6 The Digestive and Urinary Systems Back Lesson Print PAGE TEACHER RESOURCE Answer Key Directed Reading A 34. It is stored in the rectum until it is expelled through the anus. SECTION: THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. SECTION: THE URINARY SYSTEM B D pancreas, liver, gallbladder A mechanical chemical carbohydrate enzymes amino acids When you chew your food, you break it into small, slippery pieces. These pieces are easier to swallow. They are also easier to digest. mashing shredding shredding grinding saliva simple sugars The tongue pushes it in. It squeezes food into the stomach. The stomach squeezes food with muscular contractions. This is mechanical digestion. The stomach also mixes the food with digestive juices. This is chemical digestion. acid and enzymes It is killed by stomach acid. chyme the small intestine pancreas hormones It is small in diameter. absorb nutrients A It stores bile. Bile breaks large fat droplets into small droplets so they can be digested more easily. liver B It is another name for a carbohydrate called cellulose, which is found in fruits and vegetables. Humans cannot digest fiber. 1. C 2. It removes waste products from the 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. blood. carbon dioxide and ammonia B A They clean, or filter, the blood. a harmful substance containing nitrogen B to keep water levels in balance, otherwise your body would swell up When you’re thirsty, ADH keeps your body from losing more water through urine. It signals the kidneys to take water from the nephrons and return it to the bloodstream. It causes the kidneys to make more urine. This decreases the amount of water in your blood. B through the urethra damage to nephrons can prevent normal kidney functioning and can lead to kidney disease Directed Reading B SECTION: THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. B C D A mechanical chemical amino acids enzymes C A C B saliva tongue esophagus stomach enzymes Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science and Technology 75 The Digestive and Urinary Systems