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Roman Republic
Page ___
Early inhabitants
1. First settlers on the Italian Peninsula arrived ____________________________.
2. By 1000 – 500 BCE three groups battled for control.
a. The _____________, who were headquartered at ___________,
b. the ______________, who had colonies on the _______________________ and ___________, and
c. the __________________, who were native to __________________________.
Before the Republic
1. Around 600 BC Etruscan kings begin to ___________________
2. Romans overthrow ______________________ in 509 BC
3. Romans found a ______________________ – a government in which citizens elect leaders (sometimes
called an indirect democracy or representative democracy)
The Roman Republic
1. Early Rome was dominated by two social classes; the ________________ and the ________________.
a. Patricians - ________________________________, Latin nobles (held almost all of the power in
Rome, made up 10% of the population).
i. Ran the ______________________ and made ______________
b. Plebeians - ________________________________ and _________________ as well as merchants
and farmers (majority in Rome).
i. Barred from holding most ________________________________
2. Plebeians demanded more rights
a. Allowed to elect _______________________________
b. ________________ were elected by the plebeians to protect their rights
i. Tribunes could veto laws that were ________________________________
The Twelve Tables
1. Plebeians demanded Roman laws be _____________________
2. First written code of law in Rome
a. Laws were carved on ______________________ and displayed in the Roman Forum
b. Established the principle that all free citizens had the right to ______________________________
Government During the Republic
1. Early Roman government was divided into two branches; ______________________ and
_______________________.
a. The executive branch consisted of ______ consuls who directed the ____________________ and
commanded the ________.
b. The legislative branch consisted of a Senate that led ____________ and _______________ policy.
c. During times of crisis, consuls would choose ______________ who would be elected by the senate.
The Roman Forum
1. _________________ and __________________
a. Center of life in Rome
Religion and Family
1. Early Romans worshiped nature spirits which later became ________ and _________________.
a. The Romans borrowed ______________________ giving them Roman names. (Jupiter / Zeus)
The Roman Army
1. Rome’s success in war was due to its _____________________.
2. ________________________ had to serve in the military when needed.
3. Roman generals improved on Greek military tactics by employing ______________, more
_____________ divisions of troops. (Legions)
Roman Expansion
1. Rome’s power grew slowly and steadily as the legions battled for _____________________________.
2. Eventually they defeated the _________________ to the north and the _________________________
to the south.
3. By 265 BCE the Romans controlled _________________________.
4. The _________________________ toward defeated enemies helped in Rome’s growth.
5. Rome’s location gave it easy access to the riches of the lands _________________________________
_____________________.
6. Rome traded olive oil and wine for __________, ______________________, and _________________
__________ from other lands.
7. Other large and powerful cities interfered with ____________________________________________
________________________________.
The Punic Wars
1. A series of wars fought between _________ and ___________________
a. Rome _________________________
b. Were over control of ____________ in the ____________________________
c. After Rome won the ___________ Punic War
i. They burned __________________ and sold its ________________________________.
ii. Then tilled (plowed) _____________________________