Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
G U I D E T O R E A D I N G N O T E S Section 2 1. Political Instability: The transfer of power from one emperor to the next was often unpredictable. Often the army chose the next emperor. Economic Problems: Citizens, who paid high taxes to finance Rome’s army, were often poor. Trade suffered and unemployment was a problem. Social Problems: Corruption and crime were common. The spirit of citizenship around the empire declined. Weakening Frontiers: The empire was so large, it was hard to defend. Communication throughout the empire was slow. Soldiers recruited from conquered tribes were sometimes disloyal. 2. First, in 330 C.E., Constantine decided to . . . move his capital east to Byzantium. He renamed the city New Rome. (Later named Constantinople.) Then, power in the empire was . . . divided between two emperors, one in Rome and one in Constantinople. In 410 C.E., . . . an invading Germanic tribe attacked Rome and looted it. In 476 C.E., . . . the last Roman emperor was driven out and the western half of the empire began to break apart. Finally, in the east… the Byzantine Empire continued for another 1,000 years. Section 3 1. I think Modern Image D connects to Placard B because (Answers will vary but may include) both images are of elaborate paintings; both images show scenes painted on walls. I think Modern Image F connects to Placard D because (Answers will vary but may include) both images show a statue; both show a national leader. © Teachers’ Curriculum Institute 2. Romans created realistic statues and colorful mosaics. They also painted frescoes that might show three-dimensional landscapes. Romans made decorative glass bottles, developed the arts of gem cutting and metalwork, and created cameos. 3. Some examples of Roman-influenced art forms today are murals in restaurants, banks, and other buildings; lifelike statues; cut gems; and cameos. Section 4 1. I think Modern Image G connects to Placard C because (Answers will vary but may include) both images focus on roads. I think Modern Image B connects to Placard H because (Answers will vary but may include) both building have pillars; the buildings look very much alike. 2. arches, such as those used in the Roman Colosseum; vaults, arches used to support a ceiling; domes, roofs shaped like a half-globe, such as that found on the Pantheon 3. Roman-influenced architecture includes the Capitol in Washington, D.C., which has a dome and arches. The Arc de Triomphe in Paris is one huge triumphal arch. 4. aqueducts, which carried water from as far as 60 miles away; a system of 50,000 miles of roads that connected the Roman Empire Section 5 1. I think Modern Image E connects to Placard A because (Answers will vary but may include) both images show Roman numerals. I think Modern Image A connects to Placard F because (Answers will vary but may include) both images focus on October; the modern calendar and the Roman calendar are similar. The Legacy of the Roman Empire 1 G U I D E T O R E A D I N G N O T E S 2. Many modern European languages have developed from Latin, including Spanish, French, and Italian. English also borrows heavily from Latin. Many modern English words start with Latin prefixes or come from Latin roots. Even Latin proverbs are used in the United States. 3. The ideas of Roman law and justice live on in documents such as the Constitution and Declaration of Independence, as well as in modern-day courtrooms. People around the world share the Roman belief that humans have basic and natural rights. 3. The numbers 1, 10, 100, and 1,000 were written as I, X, C, and M. 4. In Rome, all free people were considered citizens and were subject to Roman law, enjoyed the rights of all Romans, and owed allegiance to the emperor. Today, in the United States, though most citizens are born in the country and immigrants can become citizens of the U.S., all citizens share basic rights and must follow the same laws. Section 6 1. I think Modern Image H connects to Placard E because (Answers will vary but may include) both images involve documents made up of laws; both images show documents that are read by many people. I think Modern Image C connects to Placard G because (Answers will vary but may include) both images depict scenes involving what appears to be a judge; both images show a courtroom scene. 2. Stoicism is the belief that a divine intelligence rules all of nature and that a person’s soul is a spark of that intelligence. Stoics wish to live in a way that agrees with nature and to have a good character. © Teachers’ Curriculum Institute The Legacy of the Roman Empire 2