Download Geographyenergyyear7Knowledgeorganiser

Year 7
Energy
What is the
rock cycle?
The structure
of the Earth
The crust
The mantle
The outer
core
The inner
core
Plates
Rock types
Igneous rock
Sedimentary
rock
Metamorphic
rock
Finite
resource
Fuel
Fossil fuels
Acid rain
Greenhouse
gases
- The outer layer of the earth. It is a thin layer between 0-60 km thick. The crust is
the solid rock layer upon which we live.
-the widest section of the Earth. It has a thickness of approximately 2,900 km. The
mantle is made up of semi-molten rock called magma. In the upper parts of the mantle
the rock is hard, but lower down the rock is soft and beginning to melt.
- the layer surrounding the inner core. It is a liquid layer, also made up of iron and
nickel. It is still extremely hot, with temperatures similar to the inner core.
- in the centre and is the hottest part of the Earth. It is solid and made up of iron and
nickel with temperatures of up to 5,500°C. With its immense heat energy, the inner core
is like the engine room of the Earth.
-The earth’s crust is divided into plates which are constantly moving across the mantle
= formed when hot, liquid rock cools and becomes hard
= a type of rock formed when sediments that were deposited in ancient times were
pressed together and became hard
= Metamorphic rocks are formed from other rocks that are changed because of heat or
pressure
= something which will eventually run out
= Something that releases energy when it is burnt
Coal – non renewable
Oil – non renewable
Natural gas – non renewable
These are called fossil fuels as they are all made from fossils of dead plants and
animals.
When burnt they release CO2 and sulphur dioxide
= rain that contains dangerous chemicals because of smoke from cars and factories –
damages the environment (trees, water (killing fish), destroys some metals, can cause ill
health in humans
• Burning fossil fuels has led to more greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere.
• This is trapping more heat and making the climate warmer.
• This is called global warming.
Global
warming
Renewable
energy
= the recent increase in the world's temperature that is believed to be caused by the
increase of certain gases (such as carbon dioxide) in the atmosphere
= energy which won’t run out
- Solar energy – from the sun
- Hydroelectric energy – using running water to turn turbines
- Wind power – uses wind turbines
- Nuclear – uses nuclear fusion to create energy – can be very polluting
Fracking
= using high pressure drills, water and chemicals to fracture rocks and release natural
gas – very controversial
Saving energy = showers use less water and energy than a bath
= products on standby use 80% of the energy they would if turned on (switch them off!)
= don’t leave mobile phones, iPads etc. on to charge over night as this wastes energy.
Most devices of this type only take 4-5 hours to charge
= only boil the amount of water you need in a kettle – 1 cup = 1 unit of energy 10 cups =
10 units of energy
= use energy saver lightbulbs and turn off when the room is empty