Download Energy Flow and Mattery Cycling Semester Review Notes

Energy and Matter (Unit A)
Exchange in the Biosphere
-­‐Powered by the sun
where life exists
Chapters 1 (page 6) and 2 (page 32)
Energy and Matter in an Ecosystem
arrives
What does matter do? cycles (biogeochemical)
What does energy do? flows
Food web-­‐sustainable, stable, most biodiverse
Tertiary consumers
trout
sculpin
Trophic Levels
Secondary Consumers
Primary consumers
crayfish
Producers
algae
Another name for producers? Primary Consumers?
Secondary Consumers?
Decomposers
Another name for producer? autotroph/chemotrophs (H S)
Primary consumer? herbivores; heterotrophs; first level consumers
Secondary Consumer? carnivore; heterotrophs; 2nd level consumers
2
Laws of
Thermodynamics
and Food Webs
In an
y e
ne
rgy
tra
nsf
er,
th
e t
ota
l co
nte
nt is a
lwa
ys dim
ini
shi
ng
Time (billion years)
ws
La
er
Th
f
o
m
am
yn
d
o
s
ic
ve
go
rn
Na
re
tu
available to next trophic levels
Types of Pyramids
Biomagnification or Bioaccumulation
Energy limits the length of the food chain
Ecological services in Nature
Biogeochemical Cycles?
route taken by chemical nutrients (matter) from abiotic to the biotic back to the abiotic
H
ing
d
on
-b
Name the cycle
List 4 properties of water that are essential for life:
high c, universal solvent, surface tension, high Hf and Hv
List three ways the water cycle is being mismanaged by human activities:
tailing ponds, irrigation, pesticide runoff (eutrophication)
P- Cycle
S- Cycle
-­‐no atmosphere
→ ATP, cell membranes,
bones
→ P-­‐ normally in rocks
Eutrophication from
detergents, fertilizer
-­‐bacteria and volcano
• energy, proteins
· Combustion of fossil fuels in industries
NASA estimates of terrestrial net primary productivity
amt of solar energy converted to glucose
by autotrophs during a given time period
Introduced species - accidental or intentional; unlimited growth b/c little
pressure from predation, competition or disease and b/c birthrates and
survival rates are up
Stromatolites
Dark Bands = Fe2O3
Sediment + Cyanobacteria
Life can change the atmosphere
Today, life appears to be changing it again
towards warming due to our activities