Download Genetics Unit Review 1. How are the steps of meiosis different from

Genetics Unit Review
1. How are the steps of meiosis different from the steps of mitosis?
2. What is the purpose of meiosis and what are the end results? How are the purpose and end results of
meiosis different from mitosis?
3. What is crossing over and when (what stage) does it occur in meiosis?
4. What is nondisjunction and when (what stage) does it occur in meiosis?
5. Describe Gregor Mendel’s studies with pea plants.
6. Name and describe the three main principles or laws that Mendel formulated from his studies?
a.
b.
c.
7. Differentiate between the following terms:
a. gene vs. chromosome vs. allele
b. heterozygous vs. homozygous
c. genotype vs. phenotype
8. Define probability and name the three different ways probabilities can be expressed.
9. In pea plants tall is dominant over short. Imagine two pea plants, both being heterozygous for the trait
plant height, are crossed. Using the letter T, show the genotypes of the parents and the resulting Punnett
square. What are the phenotypic and genotypic ratios?
10. In pea plants green pods are dominant over yellow pods and round seeds are dominant over wrinkled
seeds. Using G for pod color and R for seed shape, imagine crossing two plants that are heterozygous for
both traits.
a. Show the genotype of the parents.
#1
#2
_________ x _________
b. Use FOIL to find the gametes of each parent.
Parent #1:
Parent #2:
c. Show the Punnett square for this dihybrid cross.
d. What are the four possible phenotypes of the offspring and what is the phenotypic ratio?
11. Compare and contrast the following patterns of inheritance:
a. complete dominance
b. incomplete dominance
c. codominance
d. multiple alleles
e. sex linked traits
12. In a pedigree, what symbols are used to represent females, and what are used to represent males?
13. In a pedigree, how are Roman numerals (I, II, III, etc) used? What about Arabic numbers (1, 2, 3, etc)?
14. Find the pattern(s) of inheritance for the following pedigree, and find the genotypes of the individuals
represented in this pedigree. Use A to represent the trait.
15. Other terms with which you should be familiar:
Homologues
Diploid and haploid
Gametes
Zygote
Karyotype
Autosomes and sex chromosomes
16.
What is genetic engineering and what are the different ways in which it can be accomplished
within the laws of nature and outside of the laws of nature.
17.
What are transgenic (GMO) organisms and how are they beneficial?
18.
Review the types of mutations.