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Transcript
9AUSH_p090_091_R3.qxd:United States History Atlas 3/27/08 11:25 AM Page 90 Ending the War in the Pacific As the land war raged in Europe, fighting intensified in the Pacific, and the war effort intensified at home. ★ At home, the entire country aided the war effort, which created jobs and brought the United States out of the Great Depression. ★ Abroad in the Pacific, aircraft carriers and U.S. Marines pushed westward toward Japan. ★ In August 1945, U.S. planes dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Japan soon surrendered. ★ Its key role in the Allied victory in World War II made the United States a superpower. W Seattl A e Hanfor d ME ND MT VT MN OR ID MI WI SD San Fr IA NE CA ancisco CO MO KS Cleveland Chicago NV UT les Los Alamos AZ RI CT elphi PhilaJd a N DE MD k Norfol ge Oak Rid NC SC AR AL GA LA TX FL 30 Women workers (millions) VA MA TN OK MS 90 PA WV Louisville St. Louis NM 1944 29.2% 1951 29.3% B 20 1941 25.4% 10 1947 27.4% World War II 1930 21.9% 0 rgh Pittsbu OH IN IL KY Los Ang e ty o r k Ci New Y Detroit WY NH NY more at USHAtlas.com Women in the Work Force 21.9% Women as a percentage of total labor force 1930 C In just five years, U.S. factories produced an amazing 200,000 planes, 77,000 ships, and 86,000 tanks. 1940 1950 When millions of men joined the armed forces, millions of women stepped in to fill their jobs. The War Effort at Home Defense Manufacturing Aircraft Ships, other vessels Tanks Ordnance Uranium, atomic bombs 9AUSH_p090_091_R3.qxd:United States History Atlas 3/27/08 11:25 AM Page 91 ERA The Great Depression and World War II 1929–1945 2 August 8, 1945 Alaska (U.S.) SOVIET UNION Soviet Union declares war on Japan. CANADA 1942 Dutch Harbor Attu I. ria hu nc a M MONGOLIA JAPAN first U.S. victory over Japan. Aug. 6, 1945 Hiroshima Aug. 9, 1945 Nagasaki TIBET 1945 Okinawa 1944 Imphal UNITED STATES 1 1942 Battle of Midway is the Tokyo CHINA 8 June 1942 Midway 1945 Iwo Jima 30ºN Midway (U.S.) 1945 Luzon Philippines (U.S.) 1941–1942 Bataan Pearl Harbor 1944 Saipan Honolulu Hawaii (U.S.) PACIFIC 1944 Philippine Sea 1944 Leyte Gulf OCEAN N 1943 Tarawa 1942 Singapore Borneo 0º 0º New Guinea 1942 Java Sea INDIAN 1942–1943 Kokoda Track 1942 Coral Sea 1944 Bougainville 1942–1943 Guadalcanal 150ºW Solomon Islands Victory Over Japan 1942 –1945 Japan (Axis) Occupied by Japan by May, 1942 Allied power Neutral power Maximum Japanese control Expansion of Japanese control, 1944 Allied advance Axis victory Allied victory No clear victor OCEAN AUSTRALIA 30ºS 30ºS 90ºE 120ºE 150ºE D 120ºW 180º The War in the Pacific covered huge distances. The Allies used a strategy called island-hopping, closing in on Japan by sea. The final attacks, however, were by air and used the first atomic bombs. Atomic bomb attack 0 0 1000 1000 2000 miles 2000 kilometers more at USHAtlas.com E U.S. Marines fought Japanese troops on Okinawa for two months. The bloody battle was seen as a preview of far deadlier combat to come if the Allies had to invade Japan. Atomic bombs forced the Japanese to surrender without an invasion. 91
