Download Practice Test - Nuclear Chemistry

Practice Test - Nuclear Chemistry
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
____
1. The half-life of a radioisotope is the time it takes for that isotope to decay.
____
2. Carbon dating is not used to measure the age of rocks because the half-life of carbon-14 is too short.
____
3. The mass of a 25.0 g piece of 23896Cm (half-life: 2.4 hr) will be reduced to 3.1 g after 7.2 hr.
____
4. A nuclear reactor produces energy from fuel rods containing uranium-238.
____
5. The amount of energy produced for each kilogram of uranium is about the same as the amount of energy from a
kilogram of coal.
____
6. The only elements that can be used as fuel in a nuclear power plant are those in which a chain reaction can occur.
____
7. The purpose of the control rods in a nuclear reactor is to reflect neutrons back into the core.
____
8. The production of energy in a nuclear reactor can be stopped by pulling out all control rods.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
9. A lightweight isotope is likely to be stable if the ratio of protons to neutrons in its nucleus is _____.
a. 1:2.
c. 2:1.
b. 1:1.
d. 5:1.
____ 10. The only nucleon among the following is the _____.
a. electron.
c. beta particle.
b. positron.
d. neutron.
____ 11. The isotope least likely to be found in the band of stability among the following is _____.
a.
c.
C.
Al.
b.
d.
O.
Si.
____ 12. The isotope formed by the beta decay of
a. 18.
b. 39.
K has an atomic number of _____.
c. 20.
d. 21.
____ 13. The isotope formed by the alpha decay of U has a mass number of _____.
a. 234.
c. 238.
b. 236.
d. 240.
____ 14. During electron capture, a proton in the nucleus of an atom is converted into a(n) _____.
a. neutron.
c. electron.
b. positron.
d. another proton.
____ 15. When the isotope
a.
Ac.
b.
Th.
Pa decays by beta emission, the isotope formed is _____.
c.
U.
d.
U.
____ 16. Atoms located above the band of stability on a graph of numbers of neutrons versus number of protons are usually
unstable because they contain too many _____.
a. protons.
c. electrons.
b. neutrons.
d. nucleons.
Completion
Complete each statement.
17. The form of nuclear radiation that has the greatest penetrating power is the ____________________ .
18. When a radioactive nucleus gives off a gamma ray, its atomic number increases by ____________________.
19. Each alpha particle carries an electric charge of ____________________.
20. Each beta particle carries an electric charge of ____________________.
21. Each gamma ray carries an electric charge of ____________________.
Use the following diagram to complete the passage.
In a nuclear power plant, energy is produced in the reactor core by fission reactions that occur in uraniumcontaining bars called (1) ____________________. The uranium is found at location (2) ____________________
in the diagram. The rate at which the nuclear reaction takes place is controlled by other bars called (3)
___________________. These bars of metal are found at location (4) ____________________. One of the
important safety factors in the power plant is a strong dome-shaped structure surrounding the reactor. The
structure is labeled (5) ____________________ in this diagram and called (6) ____________________.
Heat produced by nuclear fission is carried away by (7) ____________________, which enters the core at point
(8) ____________________ in the diagram. It then leaves the core at point (9) ____________________.
Heat from the reactor core is used to boil water in the (10) ____________________, shown at (11)
____________________ in the diagram. Steam produced here is used to generate electricity at point (12)
____________________ in the diagram. The steam is then cooled at location (13) ____________________ by
water from an outside source.
Provide the missing term in each of the following equations.
23.
____________________
24.
+ ____________________
25.
____________________
Short Answer
The equations below represent nuclear fission and nuclear fusion reactions. For each equation, tell whether fission
or fusion has occurred and write the missing term in the equation.
26.
_____
27.
28.
29.
Problem
Write a complete nuclear equation for each of the following.
30. The decay of
Fe by beta emission.
31. The decay of
by alpha emission.
32. The decay of
by electron capture.
33. The decay of
by positron emission.
34. The radioisotope technetium-99 is often used as a radiotracer to detect disorders of the body. It has a half-life of
6.01 hours. If a patient received a 25.0-mg dose of this isotope during a medical procedure, how much would
remain 48.0 hours after the dose was given?
Practice Test - Nuclear Chemistry
Answer Section
TRUE/FALSE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
F
T
T
F
F
T
F
F
MULTIPLE CHOICE
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
B
D
C
C
A
A
D
B
COMPLETION
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
gamma ray
0
+2
-1
0
H
23.
24.
25.
SHORT ANSWER
26.
27.
28.
29.
, fusion
, fission
, fusion
, fission
PROBLEM
30.
31.
32.
33.
34. 0.098 mg