Download A. The 24 original chromosomes replicate, resulting in 48

MCAS Biology
Ms. Chen
Name:
Date:
Cell Division
1.
An egg cell in a gorilla contains 24 chromosomes. When the egg cell is fertilized, which of the
following occurs?
A. The 24 original chromosomes replicate, resulting in 48 chromosomes in the fertilized
egg.
B. The 24 original chromosomes split at the centromere, resulting in 48 chromosomes
in the fertilized egg.
C. The nucleus of a sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of the original egg cell, resulting in
48 chromosomes in the fertilized egg.
D. The nucleus of another egg cell pairs with the nucleus of the original egg cell,
resulting in 48 chromosomes in the fertilized egg.
2. A body cell of a sand dollar has 52 chromosomes. How many chromosomes should a sand dollar
gamete contain?
A. 26
B. 52
C. 78
D. 104
3. ATP molecules in cells undergo a process called hydrolysis. The equation below represents this
process.
ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi
What always happens within cells as a result of ATP hydrolysis?
A. Water is produced.
B. Chemical energy is released.
C. Phosphorus atoms are used up.
D. Carbohydrate building blocks are formed.
4. Different types of cells in the human body undergo mitosis at different rates. Which of the
following statements best explains why skin cells frequently undergo mitosis?
A. Skin cells contain molecules of DNA.
B. Skin cells constantly need to be replaced or repaired.
C. Skin cells have large numbers of sensory nerve receptors.
D. Skin cells constantly need to produce antibodies to fight off infections.
5.
Domestic horses have 64 chromosomes. How many chromosomes should be in an egg cell of a
female horse?
A.
16
B.
32
C.
64
D.
128
6. Some types of bacteria are able to perform photosynthesis. These bacteria must therefore contain
which of the following in their membranes?
A. chlorophyll
B. glucose
C. mitochondria
D. ribosomes
7.
Beginning with one parent cell, how many daughter cells are typically produced from one mitotic
division?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 8
8. The diagram below shows part of a cell process.
Which of the following describes the expected end products of this process?
A. two cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell
B. four cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell
C. six cells with twice as many chromosomes as the parent cell
D. eight cells with one-fourth as many chromosomes as the parent cell
9. The diagram below shows a plant cell at a particular stage in the cell cycle.
This stage occurs immediately after which cellular process?
A. crossing over
B. DNA replication
C. fertilization
D. mitosis
10. If a person is constantly feeling weak and has low energy levels, a doctor may test the blood for
lactate. High lactate levels may indicate that the person’s body is breaking down glucose by
fermentation instead of by aerobic respiration. The diagram below represents the process of
fermentation.
Based on the diagram, which of the following statements best explains why an increase in fermentation
and a decrease in aerobic respiration might cause a person to feel weak and have low energy levels?
A. Less ATP is being produced.
B. Less pyruvate is being produced.
C. The amount of lactate available as a product is limited.
D. The amount of glucose available as a reactant is limited.
11. The illustration below shows one chromosome pair in a zygote. The zygote was produced by
sexual reproduction.
Assuming normal meiosis and fertilization occurred, which illustration shows the egg and sperm that
produced this zygote?
A.
B.
C.
D.
12. Which of the following is an example of active transport?
A. chromosomes migrating during cell division
B. water diffusing throughout the cytoplasm of a cell
C. cilia moving rapidly to propel a single-celled organism through water
D. proteins moving ions from low to high concentration across a cell membrane
13. Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic organisms commonly found in streams and ponds as chains of
cells. A portion of a chain of cyanobacteria cells is shown in the diagram below. The major parts of
a cyanobacteria cell are labeled.
a.
Identify one structural characteristic of a cyanobacteria cell that is similar to a characteristic of a
plant cell.
b. Identify two structural characteristics of a cyanobacteria cell that are different from the
characteristics of a plant cell.
c. Identify and describe the most likely process of reproduction in cyanobacteria. In your
description, be sure to include what happens to the genetic material and the cell.
14. Sharks typically reproduce sexually. A particular female shark, however, gave birth in a zoo
despite having no recent contact with a male shark.
a. Identify the type of cell division that produces eggs and sperm in animals such as sharks.
b. Describe what normally happens during fertilization in animals such as sharks. Be sure to identify
the end product of fertilization.
Female sharks can store sperm after mating and then wait to fertilize their eggs. Scientists investigated
whether the female shark in the zoo did this.
c.
Describe how DNA analysis can determine if the shark reproduced using stored sperm or if she
reproduced asexually. Be sure to include the source(s) of DNA being analyzed and the results of
the analysis in your answer.
d. Explain why sexual reproduction is important for the long-term survival of shark species.