Download Chapter 9: The Sensory System

Chapter 9: The Sensory System
1.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Proprioceptors are involved in the sense of
pain.
temperature.
pressure.
movement of limbs.
D
2.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which are chemoreceptors?
taste
olfactory
proprioceptors
taste and olfactory
D
figure 9.1
3. Which letter in figure 9.1 points to the retina?
Ans: a
4. Which letter in figure 9.1 points to the fovea centralis?
Ans: b
5. Which letter in figure 9.1 points to the ciliary body?
Ans: c
6. Which letter in figure 9.1 points to the sclera?
Ans: d
7. Which letter in figure 9.1 points to the choroid?
Ans: e
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8.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Ans:
Refraction occurs in the
retina
cornea
choroid
sclera
ciliary body
B
9.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Ans:
Receptors are located in the
retina
cornea
choroid
sclera
ciliary body
A
10.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Ans:
Absorption occurs in the
retina
cornea
choroid
sclera
ciliary body
C
11.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Ans:
The lens are held by the
retina
cornea
choroid
sclera
ciliary body
E
12.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Ans:
Protection is the function of the
retina
cornea
choroid
sclera
ciliary body
D
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13.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which is(are) true of the rods?
see color
function in dim light
located in the fovea
all of these
B
14.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The lens of the eye rounds up
for distant vision.
for close vision.
when a person is frightened.
when sleeping.
B
15.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The medial rectus muscle
rolls the eye upward.
turns the eye outward, away from the midline.
turns the eye inward, toward the midline.
rotates the eye clockwise.
C
16.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which is(are) involved in refraction?
lens
iris
choriod
all of these
A
17.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The optic nerve is located behind the
lens.
blind spot.
ciliary body.
fovea.
B
18.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Nearsightedness is due to a(n)
damaged retina.
elongated eyeball.
damaged lens.
damaged cornea.
B
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19.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Glaucoma is due to a
detached retina.
blocked drainage duct.
damaged lens.
damaged sclera.
B
20.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
The receptors for hearing and balance are in the
outer ear.
middle ear.
inner ear.
C
figure 9.2
21. Which letter in figure 9.2 points to the tympanic membrane?
Ans: a
22. Which letter in figure 9.2 points to the cochlea?
Ans: c
23. Which letter in figure 9.2 points to the semicircular canals?
Ans: b
24.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
The auditory canal is part of the
middle ear
outer ear
inner ear
B
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25.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
The cochlea is part of the
middle ear
outer ear
inner ear
C
26.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
The ossicles are part of the
middle ear
outer ear
inner ear
A
27.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which is not involved in hearing?
ossicles
cochlea
semicircular canals
pinnae
C
28.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which has hair cells?
cochlea
semicircular canals
vestibule
all of these
D
29.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which is connected to the auditory tube?
inner ear.
cochlea.
middle ear.
outer ear.
C
30.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Conduction deafness is due to damage to the
organ of Corti.
incus, malleus, and stapes.
cochlear nerve.
all of these.
B
31. Describe the focusing process of the eye.
Ans: The focusing of the eye, or accommodation, is the result of the contraction and
relaxation of the ciliary muscle. When an object is near, the ciliary muscle contracts and
the lens becomes round so the object is in focus on the retina. When an object is far
away, the ciliary muscle relaxes and the lens flattens.
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32. Describe the process in which sound waves are conducted to the spiral organ.
Ans: Sound waves enter the auditory canal and vibrate the tympanic membrane, which
vibrates the ossicles in the middle ear. The sound waves or vibrations are then sent
through the oval window, making vibrations or waves in the fluid in the canals of the
inner ear. This stimulates the hearing receptors, located on the spiral organ in the
cochlea, which send the information to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum.
33. Explain how the senses of taste and smell supplement one another.
Ans: They work together to create a combined effect when interpreted by the cerebral cortex.
34. Explain why someone with a vitamin A deficiency might have dim vision at night.
Ans: Rods contain rhodopsin, a molecule that contains the protein opsin and the pigment
retinal. The more rhodopsin present in the rods, the better the dim vision. Because
retinal is a derivative of vitamin A, the person could have poor night vision if he/she has
a deficiency of this vitamin.
35. When a person suffers a heart attack they often experience pain in their left shoulder and
arm. What is this called and why does it occur?
Ans: This is an example of referred pain. Referred pain occurs when nerve impulses
originating at internal organs are transmitted to neurons which receive messages from
the skin. The brain interprets the pain from the organ as coming from the skin.
36. Distinguish between the fovea centralis and the blind spot.
Ans: The fovea centralis is a spot on the retina where images are centered and where the
cones are most highly concentrated. The blind spot is a region on the retina where there
are no photoreceptors. The blind spot is located where the optic nerve leaves the eye.
37. Compare rods and cones with regard to function, location, and structure.
Ans: Rods are rod-shaped photoreceptors that are most concentrated in the periphery of the
retina and function in dim light. Rods do not see color or fine detail but they detect
motion very well. Cones are cone-shaped photoreceptors that are most concentrated in
the fovea centralis of the retina and function in bright light. Cones detect fine detail and
are responsible for color vision.
38. Explain the difference between conductive deafness and nerve deafness.
Ans: Conductive deafness results from a decreased ability to conduct vibrations to the inner
ear and occurs when the ossicles of the middle ear fuse together, or when an ossicle
becomes spongy. Nerve deafness generally results from cilia on the spiral organ having
been worn away.
39. What change occurs in many individuals over 40 that causes an individual to require
reading glasses?
Ans: The lens loses some of its elasticity and therefore some of its ability to accommodate, or
to focus the image of a near object (the printed word) on the retina.
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40. Describe the effects of ciliary muscle contraction and relaxation on the shape of the
lens.
Ans: When the ciliary muscle contracts, the lens becomes more rounded. When the ciliary
muscle relaxes, the lens becomes more flattened.
41. List the following ear structures in the order that they would be encountered by
vibrations or pressure waves: Cochlear canal, spiral organ, oval window, round window,
vestibular canal, tympanic canal.
Ans: Oval window, vestibular canal, cochlear canal, spiral organ, tympanic canal, round
window.
42. Discriminate between rotational and gravitational equilibrium with regard to type of
movement sensed and sensory structures involved.
Ans: Rotational equilibrium allows for the sensation of rotational and angular movement and
involves the semicircular canals. Gravitational equilibrium allows for the sensation of
vertical or horizontal movement in one place and involves the utricle and saccule.
43.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Nociceptors
are stimulated by chemicals released from damaged tissues.
detect pain.
are found in internal organs.
All of these choices are correct.
D
44.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Ans:
Which functions in gravitational equilibrium?
saccule
uutricle
semicircular canals
Both saccule and utricle are correct.
Choices saccule, utricle and semicircular canals are correct.
D
45.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which is not a component of the semicircular canals?
ampullae
cupulae
otoliths
All of these choices are components of the semicircular canals.
C
46.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which aspect of a noise may affect hearing loss?
loudness
duration
proximity
All of these choices are correct.
D
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