Download Chapter 12: The Circulatory System

Chapter 12: The Circulatory System
1.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The myocardium is
the major portion of the heart.
largely cardiac muscle tissue.
endocardium.
the major portion of the heart and largely cardiac muscle tissue.
D
2.
A)
B)
Ans:
Which are the strongest pumping chambers?
atria
ventricles
B
3.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
What is the function of the valves?
to push blood
to prevent backflow
to stimulate the heart
to give support to the heart
B
figure 12.1
4. Which letter in figure 12.1 points to the aorta?
Ans: e
5. Which letter in figure 12.1 points to the pulmonary artery?
Ans: d
6. Which letter in figure 12.1 points to the right atrium?
Ans: c
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7. Which letter in figure 12.1 points to the left ventricle?
Ans: b
8. Which letter in figure 12.1 points to the inferior vena cava?
Ans: a
9.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The aorta
receives blood from lungs.
carries blood toward the body tissues.
receives blood from the body tissues.
carries blood to the heart.
B
10.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The left atrium
receives blood from lungs.
carries blood toward the body tissues.
receives blood from the body tissues.
carries blood to the heart.
A
11.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The pulmonary vein
receives blood from lungs.
carries blood toward the body tissues.
receives blood from the body tissues.
carries blood to the heart.
D
12.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The right atrium
receives blood from lungs.
carries blood toward the body tissues.
receives blood from the body tissues.
carries blood to the heart.
C
13.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which vessels would have a high oxygen content?
aorta
pulmonary vein
pulmonary artery
aorta and pulmonary vein
D
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14. Which of the following represents the correct sequence when tracing the path of blood
from the superior vena cava to the lungs?
A) left atrium, pulmonary semilunar valve, left ventricle, mitral valve, pulmonary artery
B) right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary
artery
C) tricuspid valve, right atrium, aortic semilunar valve, right ventricle, pulmonary vein
D) pulmonary semilunar valve, right atrium, mitral valve, right ventricle, pulmonary vein
Ans: B
15.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which chambers contract simultaneously?
two atria
right atrium and right ventricle
all chambers contract simultaneously
all chambers contract separately
A
16.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Systole refers to
relaxation.
contraction.
stimulation.
B
17.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The heart sounds are due to the
valves closing.
heart contraction.
heart relaxing.
blood flowing.
A
18.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
What initiates the heartbeat?
nerves
AV node
SA node
brain
C
19.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
In an ECG, the QRS complex represents
depolarization of the atria.
depolarization of the ventricles.
repolarization of the atria.
repolarization of the ventricles.
B
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20.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
A correct sequence in the conduction system is
Purkinje fibers, AV bundle, bundle branches.
AV node, SA node, Purkinje fibers.
SA node, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches.
AV node, bundle branches, SA node, Purkinje fibers.
C
21.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
__________ carry blood to the heart.
Veins
Arteries.
Capillaries.
A
22.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
__________ handle tissue exchange.
Veins
Arteries.
Capillaries.
C
23.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
__________ are thick walled.
Veins
Arteries.
Capillaries.
B
24.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Phlebitis and hemorrhoids are conditions involving
arteries.
capillaries.
veins.
all of these.
C
25.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
The systemic circuit involves the
body.
lungs.
body and lungs.
A
26.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which is the correct sequence when blood flows from the heart to the kidney?
right ventricle, vena cava, renal vein
left ventricle, aorta, renal artery
left atrium, aorta, renal artery
right ventricle, aorta, renal vein
B
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figure 12.2
27. Which letter in figure 12.2 points to the hepatic portal vein?
Ans: a
28. Which letter in figure 12.2 points to the carotid artery?
Ans: b
29. Which letter in figure 12.2 points to the descending aorta?
Ans: c
30.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
The celiac artery goes to the
head.
stomach.
leg.
B
31.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
The brachiocephalic artery goes to the
head.
stomach.
leg.
A
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32.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
The iliac artery goes to the
head.
stomach.
leg.
C
33.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The hepatic portal vein goes from the
liver to vena cava.
small intestine to the liver.
kidney to vena cava.
intestine to kidney.
B
34.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
What is blood pressure directly dependent on?
cardiac output
peripheral resistance
autonomic nervous system
cardiac output and peripheral resistance
D
35.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
What accounts for blood flow in the arteries?
blood pressure
skeletal muscle contraction
blood pressure and skeletal muscle contraction
A
36.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Where is blood pressure the greatest?
arteries
arterioles
capillaries
all are the same
A
37.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Why is it important that blood move very slowly through the capillaries?
to allow for molecular exchange between the blood and the tissues
to allow for normal heart functioning
blood moves very quickly through the capillaries
A
38.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which of these is a correct sequence when tracing the path of blood in the fetal heart?
right atrium, foramen ovale, left atrium
left ventricle, pulmonary arteries, lungs
the umbilical arteries, ductus venosus, right atrium
placental artery, ductus arteriosus, right atrium
A
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39.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which artery is usually used to determine blood pressure?
aorta
brachial artery
renal artery
coronary artery
B
40.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
How is the heart muscle nourished?
by blood in the left ventricle
by the coronary artery
by the cardiac vein
by the carotid artery
B
41. Trace the path of the blood from the right atrium to the lungs and then to the left
ventricle.
Ans: Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, capillary beds
surrounding the alveoli of the lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle.
42. Trace the path of the blood from the heart to the kidneys and then back to the heart.
Ans: Left ventricle, aorta, renal artery, renal arterioles, renal capillaries, renal venules, renal
vein, inferior vena cava, right atrium.
43. How does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism affect blood pressure?
Ans: This mechanism increases blood pressure via arteriole constriction, and also leads to an
increase in blood volume as a result of absorption of sodium and water.
44. How does the parasympathetic nervous system regulate blood pressure?
Ans: The sympathetic nervous system influences peripheral resistance and therefore helps to
regulate blood pressure. Arterioles constrict as a result of nerve impulses carried by the
nerves of the sympathetic nervous system. This increases blood pressure.
45. Describe a myocardial infarction.
Ans: A myocardial infarction, or heart attack, is generally the result of a thromboembolism
(clot) which forms in a coronary artery that has been narrowed by plaque accumulation.
The portion of the heart supplied by that particular coronary artery dies.
46. What is arteriosclerosis and why does it increase the risk of heart attack?
Ans: Arteriosclerosis is also called hardening of the arteries and results from the
accumulation of plaque that decreases the diameter of the artery. The plaque
accumulation also causes the deterioration of the vessel's smooth muscle and elastic
fibers, and the formation of calcium deposits. All of this causes rigidity of the vessel
wall. Arteriosclerosis increases the risk of heart disease because the narrow, rigid vessel
is more likely to become blocked by a thromboembolism.
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47. List and describe the four fetal circulatory structures.
Ans: See text.
48. Explain how cardiac output and peripheral resistance influence blood pressure.
Ans: If either the cardiac output or the peripheral resistance increase, the blood pressure will
increase. If either the cardiac output or the peripheral resistance decrease, the blood
pressure will decrease.
49. Explain how the factors that increase the risk of coronary heart disease that are listed in
the text actually function to increase that risk.
Ans: See text.
50. Why is the heart referred to as a double pump?
Ans: The right side of the heart functions to pump blood to the lungs while the left side of the
heart functions to pump blood to the body tissues.
51. Differentiate between cardiac output and stroke volume.
Ans: Stroke volume equals the volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle during one
contraction. Cardiac output equals the volume of blood pumped by one ventricle in one
minute.
52. List the three waves of an ECG and explain what physiological activity each wave
represents.
Ans: P wave—Accompanies atrial depolarization.
QRS complex—Accompanies ventricular depolarization.
T wave—Accompanies ventricular repolarization.
53. Describe the causes, characteristics, and symptoms of congestive heart failure.
Ans: Congestive heart failure occurs when the left side of the heart fails to pump blood at a
rate that is sufficient to meet the body's needs. This can occur as a result of a heart
attack that damaged the left side of the heart or as a result of heart valve failure.
Congestive heart failure leads to an accumulation of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary
congestion and edema) which causes shortness of breath and fatigue.
54.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
When is the first sound of the hearbeat produced?
beginning of atrial systole
beginning of atrial diastole
beginning of ventricular systole
beginning of ventricular diastole
C
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55.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
When is the second sound of the heartbeat produced?
beginning of atrial systole
beginning of atrial diastole
beginning of ventricular systole
beginning of ventricular diastol
D
56.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Which layer of an artery wall is primarily smooth muscle tissue?
tunica externa
tunica interna
tunica media
C
57.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which organ secretes renin?
lungs
kidneys
heart
liver
B
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