Download Learning Review Notes

What is Behaviorism?
Who was Ivan Pavlov?
What is classical
conditioning?
What’s Little Albert
experiment?
What is stimulus
generalization?
What is stimulus
discrimination?
What is UCS?
What is UCR?
What is CS?
What is CR?
What is acquisition?
What is extinction?
What is spontaneous
recovery?
What is operant
conditioning?
Who was B.F. Skinner?
What is reinforcement?
What is punishment?
What are schedules of
reinforcement?
What is shaping?
Who was Albert Bandura?
Instinctual drift?
Garcia effect?
Perspective in psychology that our thoughts and behaviors are a result of either
classical cond., operant conditioning or observational learning. Generally, free will is
an illusion. We are pigeons in a cage.
Russian doctor – trained dog to drool to a bell.
Learning by association. Dog associates bell with food, so dog drools to bell. Explains
phobias, fetishes.
John Watson used classical conditioning to make baby afraid of rat (while making a
scary sound). Baby generalized this fear.
In classical conditioning, we get conditioned to respond to stimuli similar to original
stimulus. (instead of fearing just a white rat, L. Albert became afraid of all white
furry things.)
We know better. Dogs may drool to a bell, but not a gong.
The “acquiring” of an association btwn 2 things.
The association goes away (dog doesn’t drool to bell anymore)
Association returns for some reason. Dog drools again to bell.
We learn through reinforcements and punishments.
Father of operant conditioning. Studied pigeons and other animals. Famous for
Skinner Box
Anything that leads to an increase in behavior.
Positive reinforcement – money leads to performance
Negative reinforcement – take away pain to extract information
Anything that reduces a behavior.
Positive punishment – give pain to reduce bad behavior
Negative punishment – take away car to reduce bad driving
Continuous reinforcement – reward every time.
Partial reinforcement – reward part of time
Fixed ratio – give reward every 3 times, every 5 times
variable - ratio reinforcement – reward for unpredictable set of responses (like a
slot machine)
fixed interval – reward at predictable time intervals (every 5 min)
variable interval – reward at unpredictable time intervals (pop quizzes)
Reinforce partial behaviors til eventually behavior is perfect (teaching dog to bow)
Behaviorist – famous for Bobo doll experiment – social learning theory (observational
learning) Monkey see monkey do.
Animals will revert back to their instinctual behavior even if trained to do tricks.
One associates sickness with a restaurant and won’t eat there.