Download Bronxville HS Page 1 of 8 AP Biology Mr. Ippolito AP Biology

Bronxville HS
Page 1 of 8
AP Biology
Mr. Ippolito
AP Biology Summer Assignment 2015
Due: First Day of Class
Welcome to AP Biology! This is a college level course that will be completed in
one short year prior to the AP exam in May. The course requires a significant
amount of reading, new terminology, memorization, analysis and understanding of
multiple topics. To succeed you must be self-motivated and capable of developing
and sticking to a rigorous schedule. It is extremely important that you stay up-todate with your assignments. Much of your study and review will be done on your
own. We will be completing eight (8) detailed, college-level required labs as well
as a number of other labs and activities. One of the most important skills needed
to be successful on the AP test is the ability to write complete and detailed
essays that illustrate your understanding of complex concepts. Therefore you will
spend considerable time writing essays and presenting information to the class.
You will always complete all assignments using complete sentences, bulleted
outlines and lists are not acceptable in a finished work. In order to accomplish
all of this, you will need to complete a summer assignment. There are three parts
to this assignment and two of them will be handed in on the first day of class.
1.
Chemistry, biochemistry, and the structure and function of cells are
fundamental concepts in the course. This will be your starting point this
summer. You will read most of the Chemistry and Cells Unit in your textbook
and answer the questions that begin on the following pages. You may not
find all of the answers to these questions sole in your textbook reading,
you may have to look to other reliable resources for acceptable
answers/explanations.
The answers to these questions will be due (you will upload them to the
Google Classroom) on the first day of class.
There will be an exam on this material within the first cycle of class.
2.
You will complete AP Biology Lab #11: Animal Behavior. A description of
the lab is on the last page of this packet. A separate PDF document
contains the detailed procedure for the lab as well as the questions you
will answer in your lab notebook. Prior to actually doing the real lab at
home using real isopods, complete the SimLab (#12 – Animal Behavior) at the
following website http://www.ucopenaccess.org/courses/APBioLabs/course/index.html
All lab reports will be completed in digital form and also submitted to the
Google Classroom. You will be given a digital Table of Contents into which
you can place links to the corrected digital lab reports you have submitted.
The first lab you will complete will be titled Lab 11: Animal Behavior.
Refer to the course syllabus for the revised format of a lab report. Most
lab reports will have individual rubrics (Goobrics) that will be used to
assess the contents of each lab report. The rubrics (Goobrics) will be
posted with the lab protocol onto the Google classroom assignment where the
finished work will be submitted. Most lab reports will also include Google
forms which will enable ALL of the lab groups to SHARE and ANALYZE their
data.
Your first digital lab report will be due on the morning (7:30 AM) of your
first class.
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Bronxville HS
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AP Biology
Mr. Ippolito
AP Biology Summer Assignment 2015
3.
Please create a username and password for our textbook’s online website.
It contains quizzes on material, additional animations, activities and
helpful information. As you finish each assigned chapter, complete the
Chapter Quizzes on this Website and submit your scores.
Go to www.phschool.com/access
Follow the simple directions for registering with the following student
access code: SSNAST-WAHOO-SKELF-TURVY-SLUSH-SIRES.
4.
Once you are registered you can now join a class as you complete
registration for website access by clicking JOIN A CLASS from the
Confirmation & Summary (last) page of registration.
The Join a Class option is displayed in the website navigation. (Instructors
do not see this option; it is displayed for students only.)
When you are prompted for a Course ID, enter the COURSE ID CHIPBXV201516 and
confirm that the instructor name is my name, Charles Ippolito, and class
information, AP Biology Bronxville 2015-2016, is correct by clicking NEXT.
From the Confirmation & Summary page, click Enter Class Now to immediately
access the class.
After joining the class, you will receive a class enrollment confirmation
email containing your login name and password.
Chemistry and Cells: Chapters 1 through 5
Chapter 1 – “Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology”
1.
Briefly describe of each of the following levels of biological
organization.
2.
biosphere
3.
ecosystem
4.
community
5.
population
6.
organism
7.
organs and organ systems
8.
tissues
9.
cells
10.
organelles
11.
molecules
12.
Describe the pathway from DNA nucleotides to proteins.
13.
Compare the movement of chemical nutrients and energy in an ecosystem.
14.
Describe the commonly used criteria for placing plants, fungi and animals
into separate kingdoms.
15.
Describe in your own word Darwin’s theory of natural selection as the
mechanism of evolutionary adaptation and the origin of species.
16.
Identify the control and the experimental groups in the mouse camouflage
experiment.
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Bronxville HS
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AP Biology
Mr. Ippolito
AP Biology Summer Assignment 2015
17.
Explain why the results of the mouse camouflage study were presented as
the proportion of attacks on camouflaged and non-camouflaged mice in each
area rather than as the total number of attacks on non-camouflaged mice.
18.
Compare and contrast hypotheses and theories.
19.
Compare and contrast science and technology.
20.
Briefly describe in your own words each of the following FIVE (5)
unifying themes of biology:
21.
emergent properties and levels of biological organization
22.
expression and transmission of genetic information
23.
the transfer and transformation of energy and matter
24.
interaction with other organisms and the physical environment
25.
evolution
Chapter 2 – “The Chemical Context of Life”
1.
Distinguish between the components of an atom and explain their role in
determining how atoms form compounds.
2.
Distinguish between covalent and ionic bonds
3.
Identify and distinguish among the FIVE (5) different types of covalent
bonds.
4.
Explain the difference between hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces
briefly describing their significance in biological systems.
5.
Describe how the shapes of molecules are determined and relate the
importance of shape to biological function by describing specific examples.
6.
Distinguish between cohesion and adhesion citing specific examples of
their importance in biological systems.
7.
Relate the physical properties of water to its biological function as an
evaporative coolant and a solvent.
8.
Distinguish between acids and bases describing their relationship to the
dissociation of water.
9.
Describe the relationship of buffers to acids and bases and describe why
they are used.
10.
Explain how the relative strengths of acids and bases are determined.
Chapter 3 – “Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life”
1.
Identify the SIX (6) important functional groups (moieties) found in
biologically active compounds by describing components of the group, the
properties associated with the group, and the name of a specific compound
containing that group and its function in an organism.
2.
Distinguish between condensation reactions and hydrolysis; describe their
importance in terms of the macromolecules found in organisms.
3.
Distinguish between polymers and monomers.
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Bronxville HS
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AP Biology
Mr. Ippolito
AP Biology Summer Assignment 2015
4.
Distinguish between hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances. Give examples
of each and explain their importance.
5.
Define the roles carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids play
in organisms.
6.
Distinguish among the THREE levels of structure found in carbohydrates by
identifying TWO examples at each level, describing their function, and
drawing their structural formulas.
7.
Distinguish between storage and structural polysaccharides by describing
their functions and drawing their structural formulas. Identify examples of
these in both plants and animals comparing these by recognizing how they are
similar and how they are different.
8.
Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids by describing
their structural similarities and differences; relate these to their
physical properties.
9.
Distinguish among the THREE major classes of lipids by describing their
structures. Name examples of each found in a plant and in an animal and
briefly describe the role they play in the survival of the organism.
10.
Describe the functional components of an amino acid and relate these
components make up to the THREE main classes/types of amino acids found in
organisms.
11.
Define a peptide bond and describe how it is formed. Discuss how it is
similar to and how it differs from the bonds used to join carbohydrate
components and lipid components when these macromolecules are synthesized.
12.
Identify the FOUR levels of protein structure and explain the
molecular/chemical interactions responsible for each level of structure.
13.
Distinguish normal hemoglobin from sickle cell hemoglobin and explain why
sickle cell hemoglobin may provide an survival advantage.
14.
Distinguish adult human hemoglobin from fetal hemoglobin and relate the
differences in their structure to their functions.
15.
Distinguish between denaturation and renaturation of proteins by
explaining the conditions that may contribute to their occurrence.
16.
Compare and contrast DNA and RNA by describing their structural
differences and similarities, by their locations and forms, and by their
biological functions.
Chapter 4 – “A Tour of the Cell”
1.
Describe how biologists’ understanding of the cell changed with the
development of new technologies by giving specific examples of each new
technology and the modification that resulted from its use.
2.
Define cytology.
3.
What do cell biologists use a TEM to study?
4.
What does an SEM show best?
5.
What advantages does the light microscope have over both the TEM and SEM?
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Bronxville HS
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AP Biology
Mr. Ippolito
AP Biology Summer Assignment 2015
6.
Describe the structure and function of the organelles found in a typical
prokaryotic cell.
7.
Describe the molecular structure of the plasma membrane.
8.
Describe and explain the importance of the surface area to volume ratio of
cells.
9.
Describe the structure and function of the nucleus and its component parts
as found in eukaryotic cells.
10.
Explain briefly how the nucleus controls protein synthesis in the
cytoplasm.
11.
Identify the organelles (and components) that form the endomembrane
system of eukaryotic cells by describing their roles in the system.
12.
Distinguish between chloroplasts and mitochondria by describing how their
structural components allow them to achieve their functions in the
eukaryotic cell.
13.
Identify the organelles that form the cytoskeleton of the eukaryotic cell
by describing the components of each organelle and explain how they can
achieve their function.
14.
Distinguish between the different types of intercellular junctions in
plant and animal cells by describing the relationship between their
structures and the function of the cell/tissue in which they are found.
15.
Define extracellular matrix and describe how they form different
structures in plant and animal cells.
16.
Distinguish among plant, animal, and fungal cells.
Chapter 5 – “Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling
1.
Label the components in the following diagram of the fluid mosaic model of
membrane structure. Indicate whether regions are hydrophobic or hydrophilic.
2.
Cite some experimental evidence that indicates that membrane proteins
drift.
3.
Explain how the composition of membrane lipids might differ for two
species of fish if one lives in cold, mountain lakes and the other lives in
warm valley ponds.
4.
List and briefly describe the SIX (6) major kinds of functions that
membrane proteins may perform.
5.
Identify the types of molecules that have difficulty crossing the plasma
membrane and explain why this is thought to be true.
6.
Briefly describe tonicity and distinguish among hypertonicity,
isotonicity, and hypotonicity.
7.
Describe and explain the osmotic problems that freshwater protists might
face and describe the adaptation that enables it to osmoregulate in its
environment
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AP Biology
Mr. Ippolito
AP Biology Summer Assignment 2015
8.
Compare and contrast the ideal osmotic environment for animal cells and
plant cells.
9.
Explain why facilitated diffusion is considered a form of passive
transport.
10.
Explain and briefly describe how the sodium potassium pump works to
generate a membrane potential in animal cells.
11.
Describe and explain how cholesterol is transported into human cells.
12.
Explain why cholesterol accumulates in the blood of individuals with the
disease familial hypercholesterolemia.
13.
Describe the difference between signaling molecules that bind to cell
membrane receptors and those that bind to intracellular receptors.
14.
Explain what a protein kinase does.
15.
Explain what a protein phosphatase does.
16.
Describe and briefly explain a phosphorylation cascade.
17.
Label the components in the following diagram depicting the steps in a
signal transduction pathway the uses cAMP as a second messenger.
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Bronxville HS
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AP Biology
Mr. Ippolito
AP Biology Summer Assignment 2015
18.
Chapter 6
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Bronxville HS
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AP Biology
Mr. Ippolito
AP Biology Summer Assignment 2015
AP Lab #11: Animal Behavior
This is a formal AP lab which was developed by the American College Board—you
should pick up a copy of the handout with this assignment. You must purchase a
composition notebook (as you have done for all of your high school science courses)
and complete the lab experiment. Be careful to observe and follow all directions.
Graphs should be done using rulers. Sentences must be complete, spelling and
grammar must be accurate, and handwriting must be legible. Write up your formal lab
report as outlined in the course syllabus, you should be familiar with this format
from your prior science courses.
‘Pillbugs’ are sometimes called ‘rolly-pollies’. You can find them in your
yard. Look under rocks, firewood, woodchips, etc. For more information on
these organisms called isopods, access the web and look up isopods and
‘wood lice’.
Petri dishes will not be supplied. You must select appropriate containers
for your isopods. A possible choice is the clear plastic containers from
the deli or grocery store.
Use paper towels cut to fit the bottoms of your containers. Moisten the
paper towels.
For the second part of the experiment (Student Designed Experiment), you may
choose from the list of variables given. If you choose pH as a variable,
use the skills developed in chemistry to select household substances with
varying pH’s. You may decide to choose a variable that is not listed in
this part of the experiment. Feel free to do so, but do not harm the
organisms.
Release your organisms at the conclusion of your experiment.
BE SURE to record (on a separate piece of paper if necessary) the
modifications that you used in this experiment.
DO graph the Student Designed part of the experiment. Use a computer
generated graph (Google Sheets or Excel).
This lab will be due the first day of class. Be prepared to discuss your
lab, especially the student-designed portion. You may be asked to write a
critique of the procedure at some point, so be sure you understand the
qualities of an excellent laboratory experiment. Review the scientific
method (in chapter one of the text), and apply its principles to this lab.
End of Summer Assignment