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Wednesday, March 28, 2012 Competency 4c – DOK 2 8th Grade – Lesson 8.8 Name: ____________________________________ Period: ____ Examine weather forecasting and describe how meteorologists use atmospheric features and technology to predict the weather. I can explain the conditions which give rise to tornadoes and hurricanes and where they are likely to occur. Page 8 Unit 8 – Weather: Tornadoes and Hurricanes Quick Review: 1. Give two populations preyed on by large crabs? Sea stars and sessile invertebrates 2. What is a predator of sea urchins? Sea otters 3. Where do octopuses get energy? Large crabs and smaller predatory fishes and invertebrates Classify the organism as a producer (P), consumer (C), or decomposer (D). 4. Kelp: P 5. Large crabs: C or D 6. Sea otter: C 7. Algae: P Key Points on Tornadoes and Hurricanes: 1. Tornadoes develop out of thunderstorms. Thunderstorms are the result of warm, moist, low pressure air that rises. This is called an updraft. a. When winds produced by the storm blow in opposite directions, the air can begin rotating horizontally to the ground. b. As updrafts push higher, the rotating air is pushed into a vertical position. This is called a mesocyclone and is basically a large turning cloud in the sky. This is likely to form a tornado. c. When cold air from high in the atmosphere begins to sink toward the ground (downdraft), it can bring part of the mesocyclone to the ground turning it into a tornado. d. Wind speeds range from 100 MPH to 300 MPH. e. Tornadoes usually occur in the Midwestern and Southeastern United States during the spring and fall. 2. Hurricanes develop over warm tropical oceans that are at least 80°F. Most hurricanes that impact the U.S. start as thunderstorms off the coast of Africa. These are called tropical disturbances. a. These thunderstorms have low pressure and very moist air. As the air rises, it condenses forming clouds. This releases heat which further lowers the pressure causing the air to rise more. b. Cold, dense air rushes down from high in the atmosphere causing wind. This cold air is heated by the water and begins to rise, creating a cycle with larger and larger clouds forming and winds increasing in speed. c. The moving air is impacted by the Coriolis effect which causes it to begin rotating counterclockwise. d. While the disturbance is over warm water, it will continue to strengthen. When winds reach 74 MPH, it is declared a hurricane. Wednesday, March 28, 2012 Competency 4c – DOK 2 8th Grade – Lesson 8.8 Name: ____________________________________ Period: ____ Examine weather forecasting and describe how meteorologists use atmospheric features and technology to predict the weather. I can explain the conditions which give rise to tornadoes and hurricanes and where they are likely to occur. Page 8 Unit 8 – Weather: Tornadoes and Hurricanes Quick Review: 1. Give two populations preyed on by large crabs? 2. What is a predator of sea urchins? 3. Where do octopuses get energy? Classify the organism as a producer (P), consumer (C), or decomposer (D). 4. Kelp: 5. Large crabs: or 6. Sea otter: 7. Algae: . Key Points on Tornadoes and Hurricanes: 1. Tornadoes develop out of . Thunderstorms are the result of , , air that . This is called an . a. When winds produced by the storm blow in , the air can begin horizontally to the ground. b. As updrafts push higher, the rotating air is pushed into a position. This is called a and is basically a large turning cloud in the sky. This is likely to form a . c. When cold air from high in the atmosphere begins to toward the ground ( ), it can bring part of the mesocyclone to the ground turning it into a . d. Wind speeds range from MPH to MPH. e. Tornadoes usually occur in the and during the and . 2. Hurricanes develop over that are at least . Most hurricanes that impact the U.S. start as off the coast of . These are called tropical . a. These thunderstorms have and very air. As the air , it forming . This releases which further the pressure causing the air to more. b. , air rushes down from high in the atmosphere causing . This cold air is by the water and begins to , creating a cycle with larger and larger clouds forming and winds in speed. c. The moving air is impacted by the effect which causes it to begin . d. While the disturbance is over , it will continue to . When winds reach MPH, it is declared a . Wednesday, March 28, 2012 Name: ____________________________________ Period: ____ Tornadoes: Guided Practice 1. 2. 3. 4. The very violent thunderstorms that are very likely to cause tornadoes = The other name for a mesocyclone = of Why is a tornado darkly colored? The name of the rating scale of tornadoes = . Smallest = ; largest = Hurricanes: Guided Practice 1. The area of low pressure in the center of a hurricane = 2. Hurricanes that occur near Asia = 3. The main tool that meteorologists use to study hurricanes = Tornadoes and Hurricanes: Independent Practice Answer the following questions as a scientist would. Explain WHY using COMPLETE sentences! 1. What must be present for a tornado to form? 2. What is a mesocyclone? Is this a tornado? 3. What causes a tornado to touchdown on the ground? 4. When and where are tornadoes likely to form? 5. What must be present for a hurricane to occur? 6. Where are most hurricanes “born”? 7. What causes a hurricane to rotate? 8. When is a tropical depression declared a hurricane? What causes this to occur?