Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
WORLD GEOGRAPHY: SCOPE AND SEQUENCE PACING: UNIT 1: INTODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY 5 Days CONCEPTS ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO WORLD GEOGRAPHY Tools of Geography Absolute Location Equator Hemisphere Longitude ENDURING UNDERSTANDING Maps represent geographic Information. Geographers use problem solving and research to examine geographic questions. Latitude Prime Meridian Relative Location UNIT VOCABULARY cartographer globalization validity secondary source distortion map projection primary source International Date Line GUIDED QUESTIONS 1. ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY How does GPS interact with our lives today? Atlas Impact of Technology Parts of Map: Legend, Scale, Equator, Latitude & Longitude Thematic map ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 2. How do different types of maps, graphs and charts show a variety of information? How can maps be used to answer geographic questions infer relationships and analyze change? TEKS 21A- Analyze and evaluate the validity and utility of multiple sources, aerial photographs and maps 21C- Create and interpret different types of maps to answer geographic questions, infer relationships, and analyze change Technology SS Skills 20A- Science, technology, and society. The student understands how current technology affects human interaction. Describe the impact of new information technologies such as the Internet, Global Positioning System(GPS), or Geographic Information Systems(GIS) TOPICS & CONTENT Illustrated diagram: graphic organizer (page 62 in Mastering the TEKS Book) Stations: Create stations illustrating multiple sources where students must analyze/ evaluate each source for its validity and utility. Aerial Photos Gazetteer/Index Satellite photos Utility Climate maps: general information about the climate and precipitation of a region. Cartographers use colors to show different climate or precipitation zones. Economic or resource maps: feature the type of natural resources or economic activity that dominates an area. Cartographers use symbols to show the locations of natural resources or economic activities. Physical maps: illustrate the physical features of an area, such as the mountains, rivers and lakes. Colors are used to show relief—differences in land elevations. ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES GPS: a network of satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense. GPS satellites circle the earth twice a day in a very precise orbit and transmit signal information to earth. GPS receivers take this information and use triangulation to calculate the user's exact location. GIS: a tool that allows geographers and analysts to visualize data in several different ways in order to see patterns and relationships in a given area or subject. These patterns generally appear on maps but they can also be found on globes or in reports and charts. Impact: allowed information to be easily accessible worldwide, including computer mapping and navigation SS Skills THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY 1. Atlas Maps Primary Sources Secondary Sources Validity Groups: Divide class into 3 groups: maps and globes; types of maps; and map reading. Have each group create graphic organizers to illustrate their assigned concept(s). Students should then be regrouped so that there is one person representing each concept. Students should teach each other the Political maps: do not show physical features. Instead, they indicate state and national boundaries and capital and major cities. TEKS TOPICS & CONTENT 22B- Generate summaries, generalizations, and thesis statements supported by evidence 22C- Use geographic terminology correctly 22D- Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation Social Studies Skills SS Skills 22A- Design and draw appropriate graphics such as maps, diagrams, tables, and graphs to communicate geographic features, distributions, and relationships Social Studies Skills THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY SS Skills Con’t Road maps: show major highways and roads, airports, railroad tracks, cities and other points of interest in an area. Topographic maps: include contour lines to show the shape and elevation of an area. Lines that are close together indicate steep terrain, and lines that are far apart indicate flat terrain Map projections: Mercator, Robinson, Mollweide, broken equal area (interrupted) T - Title……………. what, where, when O - Orientation… compass rose D - Date…………… when the map was made A - Author……….. person who made the map L - Legend………... (key) explains symbols used S - Scale…………... explains distance a unit of measure represents in the area shown on the map I - Index…………… helps to find the address of a place G - Grid……………. series of lines on a map that match the index. Sometimes these are line of latitude and longitude S - Source………... where the mapmaker found the information on the map Design and draw maps to show geographic distributions, features, and relationships Design and draw bar/line/circle graphs/tables/diagrams Thesis statement: a short statement, usually one sentence, that summarizes the main point or claim of an essay, research paper, etc., and is developed, supported, and explained in the text by means of examples and evidence. Equator Five Themes of Geography International Date Line Latitude Legend Longitude Maps Prime Meridian Scale ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES content and make entries into their notebooks Geography Alive! The Tools of Geography A Spatial Way of Thinking Map Making: You are interviewing for a job as a local cartographer. For the interview, you must bring an original map of your home town. Use TODALSIGS to create your map. Include diagrams, tables, and graphs. Remember, the more impressive, the higher your chances of being hired. Exit Slips: Respond to essential questions by taking a stand and justifying responses. Charts: illustrating 5 themes. Include: location and explain how geographers describe it; place and region and identify the differences among formal, functional, and perceptual regions; human-environment and explain the geographic theme of human environmental interaction; and movement and distinguish among linear, time, and psychological distances. Students should then make maps using the 5 Themes of Geography to describe 22E- Create original work using proper citations and understanding and avoiding plagiarism their community and present their work to the class. Thematic map Cube: Five Themes of Geography in Your Community: Students will create a cube from construction paper or poster board. Using pictures and words from magazines and the Internet, students will illustrate each of the four sides and the top of the cube with images reflecting each of the five themes of geography as they apply to Conroe and the surrounding area. Glue onto paper with all sources listed. PACING: UNIT 2: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 7 Days ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO WORLD GEOGRAPHY CONCEPTS Physical Geography atmosphere ENDURING UNDERSTANDING erosion lithosphere rotation Forces shape the earth’s landforms, climate, and plant life. biosphere monsoon tectonic forces convection revolution hydrosphere tornado tsunami cyclone typhoon El Niño La Niña elevation arid tropical temperate polar GUIDED QUESTIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. How are tectonic plates involved in the creation of land features like volcanoes, rift valleys, and mountain ranges? How does the relationship between the earth and the sun determine the climate/seasons? Why do we use the mnemonic word “LAMECOW(S)” to explain weather? What is the difference between El Nino and La Nina? Can you describe this area in terms of its different types of regions? (formal, functional, perceptual) ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. 2. ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY Non-renewable Resources Renewable Resources Strategic Location Sustainable Growth What are the basic features of the earth’s continents and regions? What creates the climate regions and how do they effect population distribution and their economical activities? TEKS 4B- Describe different landforms and the physical processes that cause their development TOPICS & CONTENT Surface Forces: Physical Processes THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY climate UNIT VOCABULARY Mountain range: When two continental plates collide, they push up against each other and the plates buckle. The fold results in a mountain range. Canyons: Weathering of rocks and erosion over time creates canyons. Delta: A triangular area of land formed from deposits of sediment at the mouth of a river. Examples: Mississippi Delta, Nile Delta Forces within the Earth: Volcanoes: As plates push together, one plate is forced under the other in a process called subduction. As the bottom plate melts, magma rises and forms volcanoes Tsunamis: series of water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of a body of water ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Book Foldable: Research to find major landforms on 4 continents. Create a flip book detailing how each was formed, where they are located, etc. Include images and illustrations. 3C- Examine the physical processes that affect the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere Physical Processes Physical Processes 3B- Describe the physical processes that affect the environments of regions, including weather, tectonic forces, erosion, and soilbuilding processes TEKS TOPICS & CONTENT Climate Climate THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY 3A- Explain weather conditions and climate in relation to annual changes in Earth-Sun relationships 4A- Explain how elevation, latitude, wind systems, ocean currents, position on a continent, and mountain barriers influence temperature, precipitation, and distribution of climate regions Weather: the condition of the atmosphere at a particular location and time. Tectonic Forces: an enormous moving shelf that forms the earth’s crust (i.e. Pangaea) Gravity: natural force that causes objects to tend to move toward the earth’s center. Soil Building Processes: Climate plays a role in the process through the interaction of wind, water, and temperature on parent rock material. As soil is built, it is also being eroded. The types of vegetation found in a region are the result of the interplay of soil building processes, geology (parent rock), and climate (precipitation and temperature). 4 Physical Processes Categories: (1) those operating in the atmosphere, (climate and meteorology); (2) those operating in the lithosphere, (plate tectonics, erosion, and soil formation); (3) those operating in the hydrosphere, (the circulation of oceans and the hydrologic cycle); and (4) those operating in the biosphere (plant and animal communities and ecosystems). Lithosphere: rock portion of earth’s surface (plate tectonics, erosion, weathering) Atmosphere: layer of gases surround the earth (climate) Hydrosphere: all waters comprising the earth’s surface (oceans) Biosphere: all the parts of the earth where plants and animals live (ecosystems) Solstice: The two times of year when the sun’s rays shine directly overhead at noon at the furthest points north. The summer solstice is the longer day of the year and the winter solstice is the shortest day of the year. Equinox: The two days in a year on which day and night are equal in length. This marks the beginning of spring and autumn. This combination of tilt and revolution produces seasonal variation in the amount of energy different parts of Earth receive. This variation, along with other factors, produces global patterns of temperature and precipitation (key components of climate). The Sun’s rays are most intense north of the equator (23 ½ degrees N – The Tropic of Cancer) in June and south of the equator (23 ½ degrees S –The Tropic of Capricorn) in December. Include: Rotation, revolution, position in solar system, Coriolis Effect, current and wind patterns, tropical, temperate, and polar climate zones, types of precipitation Elevation: Describe climate patterns as you go higher and lower in elevation. Latitude: Explain the trade winds, doldrums, and westerlies and their effect on ocean currents and land temperature and compare climates in low, middle, and high zones. Location near warm and cold ocean currents: Identify and compare climate along the Atlantic coast and the Pacific coast of North America, South America, and Europe. Position on a continent: Locate and describe the main climate patterns of the world, according to their general geographic distribution, major weather patterns, and native vegetation; tropical rain forest, tropical savanna, tropical monsoon, desert, steppe, marine west coast, Mediterranean, humid subtropical, humid continental, subarctic, tundra, ice cap, and highland. Mountain barriers: Identify climates on either side of a mountain range. News Story: In groups of 3, investigate weather, tectonic forces, soil building processes, or erosion along the coast of California. Analyze its impact on the environment and humans. Write and present a skit. One student will be a news reporter interviewing the others (maybe a scientist and local resident). Explain findings and how physical process is affecting separate areas. What can be done to help these environments? Cartoon: Draw 4 cartoon strips each featuring one topic (lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere). Show the physical processes that affect each through the cartoon. ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES JetStream: Online School for Weather – Weather modules http://www.srh.noaa.gov/srh/jetstream/ Processing Question: What is the relationship between weather conditions and climate to annual changes in Earth-Sun relationships? Climographs: are a graphic way of displaying climate information; specifically, average temperature and precipitation. Students will create one for 5 diff. climate regions (elevation, latitude, etc) Climate 4C- Explain the influence of climate on the distribution of biomes in different regions Human-Env Interaction 8B- Describe the interaction between humans and the physical environment and analyze the consequences of extreme weather and other natural disasters such as El Niño, floods, tsunamis, and volcanoes TOPICS & CONTENT Con’t Human-Env Interaction THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY TEKS Include: Location and types of biomes and climate regions Andes Mountains: formation of mountains affects vegetation and animals. Tropical rainforests of the Amazon Basin: climate influences vegetation which influences the logging industry. Llanos and cerrado (Venezuela and Brazil): climate influences vegetation (grasslands) which influences agriculture because of the expansive flat and treeless land. Atacama Desert: lack of precipitation caused by rainshadow (orographic effect) affects vegetation and animals. Desert – Sahara, Namib, Kalahari Savanna – Serengeti For each region, identify how humans have modified, adapted to, depended on, and interacted with their environment. Understand that the ways people interact with the environment depend upon three factors: (1) the nature of the environment; (2) the culture and values of the human group; and (3) their level of technology. Describe common natural hazards: Floods, droughts, earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, typhoons, cyclones, El Niño, La Niña, and volcanoes Consequences: Fatalities, relocation, agricultural yields, economic insecurity South Asia: 2004, massive Indian Ocean earthquake (9.1-9.3) triggered devastating tsunamis along Indian Ocean coastlines causing over 230,000 deaths in 14 countries. East Africa: El Niño-- Periods of drought in Sudan and the Horn of Africa have created the loss of vegetation used for grazing. As livestock dies people migrate to other areas so that their animals might graze. Over grazing of these areas lead to the desertification of land. North America: El Niño affects the Gulf Coast and the Southern East Coast of the United States is in a cyclical period where there have been a large number of hurricanes during the season. During 2005, Hurricane Katrina and Rita category four and five hurricanes devastated the coast of Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. South America: Connections among economic development – Harvesting tropical hardwoods for export by the timber industry is taking place in the Amazon rain forest of South America. Population Growth – small towns and cities have sprung up in mining and lumber centers within Amazon rainforest. Environmental change – Indigenous people utilize the slash- and-burn technique to create agricultural land, which they use for a short time due to the lack of soil fertility. This is usually done by the clear-cutting method with no regard for preserving the environment. Flip Map: Complete a climate map with flip tabs located on 4 regional biomes. Below each flap is an explanation of how climate influences that biome. Application Activity: As the Director of Safety for Smallville, FL., or Smallville, CA., students must choose 2 of the natural hazards discussed that pose a threat to the community, describe the negative environmental and human effects, and suggest solutions to further reduce such effects including the use of any advanced technology. ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Presentation: Students research to create a multimedia presentation on global warming (climatic change) Hurricane Katrina: Complete coverage article from National Geographic http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2 005/09/0902_050902_katrina_coverage.html Making Waves from University of South Florida (Natural disasters, El Nino, Breaking News, Coral Reefs, Red Tide) http://waves.marine.usf.edu/mwhome.htm United Streaming Videos – El Nino; the Driving Force of Weather Patterns National Geographic Article on El Nino http://www.nationalgeographic.com/elnino /mainpage.html Regions 9A- Identify physical and/or human factors such as climate, vegetation, language, trade networks, political units, river systems, and religion that constitute a region 9B- Describe different types of regions, including formal, functional, and perceptual regions Regions Climate: the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area Vegetation: Earth’s land divided into vegetation regions. These areas have distinct types of plants, soil, and weather patterns. Vegetation regions can be divided into five major types: forest, grassland, tundra, desert, and ice sheet. Language: spoken, written, gestured, etc Trade Networks: a series of routes or paths by which trade can take place Political Units: organizations or systems of government, politics, or beliefs Religion: beliefs, cultural systems, and world views that relate humanity to the supernatural and to spirituality Formal region: (counties, states, countries) characterized by a common human property, such as the presence of people who share a language, religion, nationality, political identity, or culture; or it is characterized by a common physical property, such as the presence of a type of climate, landform, or vegetation. The Rocky Mountain region, the Corn Belt, and Latin America are examples of formal regions Functional region: (metropolitan areas) organized around a node or focal point, with surrounding areas linked by transportation systems, communication systems, or other associations such as manufacturing and retail trading. Chicago, with its highways, railways, Great Lakes shipping, airlines, and telecommunications, is a focal point in the north-central region of the United States. Perceptual region: (based on human feelings and attitudes about areas) defined by people’s shared subjective images. Southern California, Dixie, the Riviera, and Australian Outback are perceptual regions. These spatial units may be without precise borders or even commonly accepted regional characteristics and names Social Studies Instructional Strategies: p. 2, Act it Out (book located on First Class) FIRSTCLASS: Concept of a Region Curriculum and Instruction/Social Studies/Secondary Activities/Geography Social Studies Instructional Strategies: p. 165, Visual Discovery (book located on First Class) PACING: THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY UNIT 3: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CONCEPTS Tools of Demography ENDURING UNDERSTANDING People adapt to and modify their physical environment. Key factors influence where people settle. Population patterns have changed over time. 12 Days ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO WORLD GEOGRAPHY suburb urbanization migration death rate rural life expectance urban birth rate cultural overpopulation Water=People GUIDED QUESTIONS 1. 2. 3. What are push and pull factors for this area? Human made? Environment made? On a population pyramid, what are the many theories you can pull about that particular area? How has Globalization affected societies and their cultures? UNIT VOCABULARY arable population density infant mortality rate literacy rate folk culture standard of living demography diffusion ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY Arable Soil Migration Rural/ Urban Culture Nomad(ic) Urbanization convergence divergence assimilation indigenous pop culture multicultural ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. What factors influence the size and distribution of human settlements? 2. What processes lead to changes in settlement patterns? 3. What factors influence the world’s population growth? TEKS Settlement Settlement 6B- Explain the processes that have caused changes in settlement patterns, including urbanization, transportation, access to and availability of resources, and economic activities 7A- Analyze and construct population pyramids and use other data, graphics, and maps to describe the population characteristics of different societies and to predict future population trends Physical features affecting settlement: bodies of water, climates, fertile/infertile soil and biomes. Human Features: transportation routes, trade, economics, religion, political, migration Push/Pull Factors Show change to settlement patterns over time. Determine how climate, transportation routes, and available water affected settlements Location along transportation routes (ex. NORTH AMERICA – Cities have developed and grown due to the NAFTA highway 35 Corridor) Availability of resources (including food and water) that have attracted settlers and economic activities. ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Writing: Give partners a list of specific locations. Students must examine map of locations, research facts associated with each, and write a description of how each settlement has been influenced by human and physical features. Closer Look: Choose cities to examine. Which of the following was a factor in the original location? Which of the following has contributed to the growth (or decline) of the cities? Are any of the cities connected to each other due to the following factors? •Bodies of water (transportation/irrigation) •Transportation routes •Climates •Natural resources •Jobs available •Political World Population 6A- Locate and describe human and physical features that influence the size and distribution of settlements TOPICS & CONTENT Construct and analyze population pyramids from various countries as well as data, graphics and maps Describe population characteristics and predict future growth trends. Compare pyramids showing rapid growth, slow growth, and negative (declining) growth. North America: the USA; Africa: Egypt/Somalia/Nigeria; Asia: India/China; Europe: France/Germany/Italy/Turkey; Latin America: compare different countries Countries to compare to India: USA, China, Somalia, Brazil, Japan, Germany China’s population policies: one child policy; compare to India’s pop policies Population Pyramids: www.populationconnection.org Lesson: Power of the Pyramids-teaches students how to construct and analyze data to create a population pyramid of different countries www.census.gov Resource for local (state, city) pyramids. ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES 7B- Explain how political, economic, social, and environmental push and pull factors and physical geography affect the routes and flows of human migration How do political, economic, social, and environmental push and pull factors and physical geography affect the routes and flows of human migration? National (Inter-regional) Migration -- California to Texas (Voluntary migration) Pull: cheaper labor, land, skilled workforce, business costs are less -- Katrina Migration (forced) Pull: to Houston because it was the nearest large city Push: hurricane and flooding International Migration -- Mexico to USA Pull: Jobs, education, close proximity, personal freedoms Push: lack of education and economic opportunity. Story: Students will write a story as if they are journalists for National Geographic Magazine. They will report on the migration of a family (or family member) including the push-pull factors, their experiences, the result, and the challenges of physical geography. World Population TOPICS & CONTENT THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY TEKS World Population Globalization 7D- Examine benefits and challenges of globalization, including connectivity, standard of living, pandemics, and loss of local culture 8A- Compare ways that humans depend on, adapt to, and modify the physical environment, including the influences of culture and technology Human-Env Interaction 7C- Describe trends in world population growth and distribution Physical geography affects routes, flows, and destinations of migration due to infrastructure, borders and fences, etc. In History: Agricultural Revolution, Industrial Revolution, Medical Revolution Modern Trends: Urbanization (shift in pop. During latter half of 20th century from rural to urban centers. Move in search of economic opportunities, healthcare, education); Population has passed 7 billion (Look at China/India. How has pop grown so fast in past 100 years? What’s the projection for 10 years? 20? 50? 100?) Globalization Benefits: advanced societies, technology (ex: internet, social networks, cell phone connectivity around the world), economic/entrepreneurial opportunity, higher standard of living Challenges: maintaining cultural identity, loss of local culture, economic equality, spread of pandemics For each region, identify how humans have modified, adapted to, depended on, and interacted with their environment. Understand that the ways people interact with the environment depend upon: the nature of the environment (including availability and access to resources); needs of the society; the culture and values of the human group; and their level of technology. Effects of Population Growth and Industrialization: pollution, global warming, climatic change), using up resources such as water and trees, expanded middle class (but income gap between rich and poor remains high), higher crime rates in city(due to increased density, and poverty) Online Research: Population Reference Bureau www.prb.org Dot Activity Collage: Create a collage poster on construction paper visually depicting the benefits and challenges of globalization, making sure to differentiate between the two. Social Studies Instructional Strategies: p. 165, Visual Discovery (book located on First Class) UNIT 4: Human Continued…CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY CONCEPTS Change Christian World Muslim World ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO WORLD GEOGRAPHY culture ENDURING UNDERSTANDING trade People are a product of their culture. Culture regions vary around the world. Physical and human geography changes over time. ethnic group customs PACING: COMBINED WITH HUMAN UNIT VOCABULARY diffusion multicultural pop culture folk culture assimilation indigenous convergence divergence war GUIDED QUESTIONS Can you answer the ABC’s of a given culture? What is the basic purpose that religion plays in the organization of a people? ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. What beliefs and traditions are held by the world’s religions and where are they distributed? 2. How does the spatial diffusion of ideas, products and traits lead to change, including cultural divergence and convergence? 3. What is the difference between ethnicity and race? TEKS 6B- Explain the processes that have caused changes in settlement patterns, including urbanization, transportation, access to and availability of Ethnic Group Trade Judaism Sikhism ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES History Environmental Conditions: harsh, arid regions, extreme heat or cold, and drought or excessive precipitation, familiar climate regions (similar to country of origin) Physical Features: mountain ranges, deserts, plains, bodies of water, and river basins Political/Economic Features: Regions of a country, major economic activities within regions, migration patterns to as well as within a nation or region, settled close to other recent immigrants with similar backgrounds. Regions 5A- Analyze how the character of a place is related to its political, economic, social, and cultural elements Culture Customs Diffusion Indigenous Pandemic Social Mobility Religion Buddhism Christianity Hinduism Islam 1A- Analyze the effects of physical and human geographic patterns and processes on the past and describe their impact on the present, including significant physical features and envir. conditions that influenced migration patterns and shaped the distribution of culture groups today ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY TOPICS & CONTENT Settlement THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY 1. 2. The character of a place is a combination of living components, nonliving components, origin and history Compare various countries and demographic information Resources: Population Reference Bureau- www.prb.org for maps and articles about population; Mapping World- http://show.mappingworlds.com//world/?=EN for cartogram visuals; Gapminder- http://www.gapminder.org/ for cartogram visuals Standard of living is a function of the level of development in a country, measured by factors such as the per capita income, literacy rate, life expectancy, infant mortality rate, death rate, and birth rate. Compare and contrast a country with a high standard of living and a country with a low standard of living to evaluate how it affects a country’s political, economic, and . resources, and economic activities social landscape. Students should be able to compare and contrast population pyramids of U.S. and Mexico versus the rest of Latin America. Level of Development is interrelated to the infrastructure (roads, electricity, plumbing, government services, etc) of a country. Push/Pull Factors Cultural Region 16A- Describe distinctive cultural patterns and landscapes associated with different places in Texas, the United States, and other regions of the world and how these patterns influenced the processes of innovation and diffusion 16B- Describe elements of culture, including language, religion, beliefs and customs, institutions, and technologies TOPICS & CONTENT Cultural landscape: created by people and their associated culture, can reflect a tie to farming, fishing, or pastoralism, the preferred architecture of development and community structure, as well as modes of transportation, recreation, and institutions. Cultural pattern: includes beliefs, values, attitudes, norms, and customs Texas: Cattle trails led to the diffusion of perceptions of life in the Southwest US and its landscape of wide open spaces. (Compare to Australia stereotypes). United States: Principals of democracy have led to increase or recognition of human rights in the political systems of many world countries. ABCs of Culture 16C- Explain ways various groups of people perceive the characteristics of their own and other cultures, places, and regions differently Culture THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY TEKS A- What art forms are typical of this culture (paintings, drama, music, and dance)? B- Which buildings, monuments, structures, and types of homes symbolize this culture? C- How do people communicate with each other? How is information spread? D- What dress (clothing) is typical of this culture E- What is the economy like? Who owns businesses? Are they high tech, low tech, or no tech? F- What does the typical family look like? What is the role of the men, women, and children? G- Who has the power? How is the average citizen connected to the government? H- What is the history of the country? What experiences and events have shaped the culture? I- What images or icons (religious or secular) cause an immediate response in most people of the culture? J- What are the jobs? How does the average person make a living? K- How is knowledge passed on from one generation to the next? L- What is the language and key literature of the culture? What words, expressions, etc are popular? M- How does the average person move from place to place? Where are people moving to? N- What people, places, or symbols spark feelings of national pride or patriotism? O- What are the important organizations in this society? P- What is the population and how is the population grouped (age, race, religion, language, ethnic group)? Who is the majority and who is the minority? Q- What is the quality of life? Rate the average person's health and happiness (medical care, income, life expectancy, security, opportunity). R- What religions are practiced? What beliefs and values do people hold? What are the traditional holidays, festivals, and ceremonies? S- What determines status (high and low) in the society? What classes, castes, professions, and groups have high honor or low honor? What sports, games, or leisure activities are important? T- What behaviors are taboo? What kinds of transportation do they use? U- Do most people live in urban (city) or rural (country) areas? What does the typical community look like? V- How do people in this society vacation? What do they do to relax or recreate? X- How does the location ("X" marks the spot) or geography affect the culture? Y- What foods (yummy) were invented or are typical of this society? Z- What stuff (ztuff) is typical of this culture? People may view own culture or place from own cultural lens (can be ethnocentric), while that culture may or may not be viewed differently by people of another culture. ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Urban v Rural 16D- Compare life in a variety of urban and rural areas in the world to evaluate political, economic, social, and environmental changes In rural areas, such as farmlands, homes and buildings are spread out. In urban areas like cities, homes and buildings are very close together. How is life in a variety of urban and rural areas in the world the same and different? What are the political, economic, social, and environmental changes in those urban and rural areas? TEKS Culture 17B- Describe major world religions, including animism, Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, and Sikhism, and their spatial distribution Religion THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY 17A- Describe and compare patterns of culture such as language, religion, land use, education, and customs that make specific regions of the world distinctive TOPICS & CONTENT World Maps/Graphs of Different Regions of the World. Similar cultural patterns create distinctive regions. • Languages • Major religions • Literacy rates • Natural resources • Governments Resource: www.marchofwar.com for maps of the spread of religion, etc. Animism is belief in innumerable spiritual beings concerned with human affairs and capable of helping or harming human interests. Mostly a tribal religion found in parts of Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Australia. Hinduism is the dominant religion of India. It is over 4000 years old making its origins unclear. Unlike other religions, Hinduism has no recognized founder and lacks a singular holy text, instead having multiple sacred texts. Buddhism originated in India as a response to the lower castes who resented the inequality of the Hindu caste system and spread along the Silk Road to East Asia and today is predominantly in South, East, and Southeast Asia. Christianity developed in Southwest Asia along the Mediterranean Sea and spread in the Roman Empire as it gained popularity with the poor and the peasantry. Major ideas: Jesus is Messiah who fulfils Jewish law, salvation through faith, love thy neighbor, trinity. Predominantly in Europe, North America, and South America. Islam arose in the 7th century on Arabian Peninsula. Mohammed, founder, believed God had selected him as messenger to preach faith in Allah, the one true God. Quran, Holy book of Islam, Contains God’s message as spoken to Mohammed. Five Pillars of Islam. Faith, prayer, charity, fasting, making pilgrimage to Mecca. Within 100 years, the Islamic caliphates controlled the Middle East, North Africa, and Spain. Today predominantly found in North Africa, Middle East, Southwest Asia, and Indonesia. Judaism began in Southwest Asia along the Mediterranean Sea. Founder, Abraham, made covenant with God. Moses was given the 10 Commandments to guide moral/ethical conduct, which created the basis for civil and religious laws in Judaism. Today predominantly in Europe, Israel, and North America. Sikhism began in Punjab (Northern India) because of interactions between Muslims and Hindus. They believe in reincarnation and one God known through meditation. Today predominantly in South Asia. Compare/Contrast: ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Groups 17C- Compare economic, political, or social opportunities in different cultures for women, ethnic and religious minorities, and other underrepresented populations Religious, cultural, or social beliefs can lead to oppression or opportunity for women, minorities, or underrepresented populations. These populations may be denied access to political power, economic opportunity, or social opportunities based on these beliefs; or, on the contrary, given equal opportunities. Compare women’s education level to standard of living and access to education and work outside the home in Afghanistan (Taliban), the USA (pay equality, fertility rights), and India regarding education, right to own property, fertility rights, pay equality. Do the same for ethnic and religious minorities and underrepresented populations. 18B- Assess causes, effects, and perceptions of conflicts between groups of people, including modern genocides and terrorism 18C- Identify examples of cultures that maintain traditional ways, including traditional economies Diversity adds ideas, innovation, technology, and new cultural beliefs and attitudes to groups. Examples may include: immigrant groups in North America (U.S.) by listing contributions of the diverse groups and then evaluating their contributions Focus on (ex. USA, United Kingdom, Belgium, Russia) the multi-cultural groups that make up the population of a society. Cultural Interaction Conflict 18A- Analyze cultural changes in specific regions caused by migration, war, trade, innovations, and diffusion Tradition THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY 17D- Evaluate the experiences and contributions of diverse groups to multicultural societies TOPICS & CONTENT Cultural Interaction TEKS Migrations: (including forced migration) bring new religions, languages, customs, political philosophy, lifestyles into societies. Have effects on migrants, host country, and home country. War: destroys infrastructure, interrupts economy, and creates refugees who seek safety and stability in other nations, causes change in cultures, systems, institutions Trade: like the Silk Road or Columbian Exchange, trade spreads ideas, diseases, goods, culture, language, beliefs Diffusion: like the Jewish Diaspora, groups spread taking their culture to other parts of the world Modern Genocides: include causes, effects, and perceptions of conflicts Balkans: ethnic cleansing in Bosnia Rwanda: Hutu vs. Tutsi (connect back to imperialism) Darfur: eastern region of the Sudan where the Sudanese government-supported Arab militias, known as the Janjaweed, against native groups in this region; resulted in over 400,000 deaths and the displacement of 2.8 million civilians Cambodia: Cambodian Communists, Khmer Rouge, seized control. Their leader, Pol Pot, carried out a policy of genocide against city-dwellers and opponents. Killed as many as 4 million between 1975 and 1978 Aboriginal people in Australia Inuit of Canada Maintaining traditional ways includes maintaining belief systems, languages, customs, economic activities and livelihoods, and technologies. Maintaining traditional economies are those cultures who keep close ties to traditional forms of economic activities, such as subsistence agriculture. Lesson: Healthy Girls, Healthy Villages http://www.peacecorps.gov/wws/educators /lessonplans/lesson.cfm?lpid=2521&sid=2 ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Cultural Interaction 18D- Evaluate the spread of cultural traits to find examples of cultural convergence and divergence such as the spread of democratic ideas, U.S.-based fast-food franchises, the English language, technology, or global sports Cultural divergence is the process of disassociating cultures, or protecting a culture from other influences. Cultural convergence occurs when the ideas, habits, skills, arts, and institutions of one culture come in contact and interact with those of another culture. Examples of cultural convergence include the spread of democratic ideas from Europe to North America and other countries around the world, globalization through the spread of the English language as the dominant form of communication, and the spread of U.S.-based fast-food franchises and technology companies or global sports. PACING: UNIT 5: POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY CONCEPTS Governments Nations Borders/Boundaries Various factors determine where boundaries are established. The rights and responsibilities of people vary across the world. There are various types and levels of governments. ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO WORLD GEOGRAPHY revolution government policy patriotism democracy republic political maps sovereignty colonization nationalism UNIT VOCABULARY monarchy dictatorship parliamentary theocracy totalitarian divine right United Nations alliance GUIDED QUESTIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. What are the positives and negatives of each of the basic ways of governing a people? How are political boundaries of countries determined? How can they change? How are NATO and the EU great examples of a political alliance? Why does nationalism play a big role in a revolution? ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY Alliance Democracy 1) How do alliances impact country relations? 2) How are government decisions and international issues shaped by different points of view? 3) What are the characteristics and functions of various governments? TEKS 13A- Interpret maps to explain the division of land, including man-made and natural borders, into separate political units such as cities, states, or countries Colonization Dictatorship Monarchies ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Republic Divine Right Nationalism Revolution Theocracy TOPICS & CONTENT Boundaries THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY ENDURING UNDERSTANDING 5 Days Suggestions for maps: City maps showing precincts, country maps showing states, continental maps showing countries. Suggestions for discussion: USA – Texas – Some people perceive Texas to be part of the South due to the part it played in the Civil War and some of the culture traits shared with other southern states. Others are likely to see Texas as part of the Southwest due to other culture traits, similar climates and topography that are found in other southwestern states. Sovereignty Totalitarian ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Boundaries Boundaries 13B- Compare maps of voting patterns or political boundaries to make inferences about the distribution of political power 14A- Analyze current events to infer the physical and human processes that lead to the formation of boundaries and other political divisions Ask: When comparing maps of voting patterns or political boundaries, how is political power distributed? The formation of congressional voting districts is dependent on what political party is in power. Free trade zones- Examine North America Free Trade Agreement between Canada, the US, and Mexico and discuss the pros and cons of free trade agreements Current events can illustrate physical processes (climate change, natural hazards, and plate tectonics) and human processes (conflict, immigration, colonialism, treaties, or political instability) and how these processes led to the development of divisions between countries and territories. To determine how current political boundaries were acquired, analyze: • Geographic influences (natural boundaries, natural resources, etc.) • Political influences (historical, esp. colonization, as well as present) • Social influences (religion, customs, etc) • Forces of Conflict and Cooperation (Kyoto Protocol, Antarctica Treaty) Government 14B- Compare how democracy, dictatorship, monarchy, republic, theocracy, and totalitarian systems operate in specific countries TOPICS & CONTENT 14C- Analyze the human and physical factors that influence the power to control territory and resources, create conflict/war, and impact international political relations of sovereign nations such as China, the United States, Japan, and Russia and organized nation groups such as the United Nations (UN) and the European Union (EU) Government THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY TEKS Democracy: (USA) ultimate power is derived from the people Dictatorship: (North Korea) all power is vested in one individual Monarchy: (United Kingdom) power is vested in one individual and is typically acquired through heredity Republic: (France, Greece) the head of government is not a monarch. Republics can be democratic (ruled by the people), theocratic (ruled by religious law), or parliamentary (having a head of government separate from the monarch). Theocracy: (Iran, Saudi Arabia, Vatican City) rulers viewed as having divine power Totalitarian: (Cuba, former Iraq) form of dictatorship that seeks to control all aspects of life within a country. Human factors: cultural or ethnic conflict, population, political agreements, and economic agreements. Physical factors: control of and access to natural resources and water, transportation routes, and shared resources (e.g., riparian systems). China: top imports- oil, metal ores, machinery, plastics, and other limited resources. China continues to depend on other nations for these resources. China’s top import suppliers include Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and the United States. USA: Imports crude oil from countries such as Canada, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela. The U.S. and China are the top consumers or oil. Japan: imports crude oil, foodstuffs, and wood. Countries that supply Japan are China, Australia, Saudi Arabia, and South Korea. Russia: has an abundance of natural resources and is the second largest country with coal reserves. Eighty percent of Russia’s exports consist of oil and natural gas. Russia imports vehicles, industrial machinery, plastics, medicines, etc. Russia imports primarily from Germany, China, Japan, Ukraine, and the U.S. ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Thinking Map: illustrate various government types Day in the life of a type of government Graphics of Governments Illustrated Diagram (pg274) Jarrett Book: Complete UN, NATO and EU on page 250 Different points of view create debate, lead to conflict or opposing sides, and development of resolutions or agreements on public policies. Cultural beliefs can unite or divide groups of citizens and motivate citizens to become involved in public policy and decision-making. Nationalism and patriotism can lead to motivated and informed citizenry, but can also lead to extremist movements that push particularly cultural beliefs into citizenship practices, public policy, and decision-making. Citizenship Citizenship 15A- Identify and give examples of different points of view that influence the development of public policies and decision-making processes on local, state, national, and international levels 15B- Explain how citizenship practices, public policies, and decision making may be influenced by cultural beliefs, including nationalism and patriotism PACING: UNIT 6: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY 5 Days CONCEPTS Economic Development, Activities and Globalization ENDURING UNDERSTANDING ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO WORLD GEOGRAPHY Communism Free Enterprise renewable resource Societies around the world meet their economic needs in different ways. Each economic system has advantages and disadvantages. Nations often trade with each other. UNIT VOCABULARY Socialism nonrenewable resource scarcity commercial agricultur Barter cottage industry infrastructure subsistence agriculture globalization sustainable development industrialized commercial activities 1. 2. 3. 4. List jobs one would find at the four levels of Economic Development. How does outsourcing come to be? What items could be made in a cottage industry? Explain why the standard of living is tied to the level of development of a country. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. What factors influence where economic activities are located? How is globalization transforming the world? How is the level of economic development measured? Which economic activities are most clearly associated with different levels of development? TEKS 5B- Interpret political, economic, social, and demographic indicators (gross domestic product per capita, life expectancy, literacy, and infant mortality) to determine the level of development and standard of living in nations using the terms Human Development Index, less developed, newly industrialized, and more developed ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY Barter Cottage Industry Scarcity Commercial agriculture Free Enterprise Socialism Traditional Economy TOPICS & CONTENT Indicators THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY GUIDED QUESTIONS Standard of living is a function of the level of development in a country, measured by factors such as the per capita income, literacy rate, life expectancy, infant mortality rate, death rate, and birth rate. Students should be able to compare and contrast a country with a high standard of living and a country with a low standard of living to evaluate how it affects a country’s political, economic, and social landscape. Level of Development is interrelated to the infrastructure (roads, electricity, plumbing, government services, etc) of a country Communism Infrastructure Subsistence agriculture ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Economic Systems 10B- Classify where specific countries fall along the economic spectrum between free enterprise and communism Examples of a free enterprise (capitalist) economic system Examples of a socialist economic system Examples of a communist economic system TEKS Economic Systems patterns over time and examine the implications of globalization, including outsourcing and free trade zones Production 10C- Compare the ways people satisfy their basic needs through the production of goods and services such as subsistence agriculture versus commercial agriculture or cottage industries versus commercial industries 10D- Compare global trade Trade THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY 10A- Describe the forces that determine the distribution of goods and services in free enterprise, socialist, and communist economic systems TOPICS & CONTENT Free Enterprise- (capitalist, market economy) Decisions about what and how much to produce, where to locate economic activities, and what prices to charge for goods and services are determined by laws of supply and demand and "the market." Profit drives decisions in a market economy. There is private ownership of property. Socialist Economy- A socialist economy is based on public ownership or independent cooperative ownership of the means of production, wherein production is carried out to directly produce use value, usually, but not always, coordinated through economic planning and a system of accounting based on calculation-in-kind or labor-time. Communist economy- Decisions about what and how much to produce, where to locate economic activities, and what prices to charge for goods and services are made by a single, central government agency or authority. No private ownership. Communism and Socialism are two examples of a command economy. In a command economy, the price of goods including agricultural products is controlled by the government, not market forces Subsistence agriculture- self-sufficiency farming in which farmers focus on growing enough food to feed their families Commercial agriculture- large scale production of crops for sale, crops intended for widespread distribution to wholesalers or retail outlets Cottage industries- business or manufacturing activity carried on in a person's home Commercial industries- industry that deals with the commercial production and sale of goods and services Identify global trade patterns, understand how they have changed over time Understand the growth and implications of globalization Implications of outsourcing Understand the implications of free trade zones Venn diagrams of the three major economic systems. Include 3 country examples of each system. ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Ad Campaign: Design a poster or a commercial for each of the four production methods. Levels of Development 11A- Understand the connections between levels of development and economic activities (primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary Location Subsistence- climate, soil, and topography Commercial agriculture- transportation, technology, resources Manufacturing- labor, labor supply, close to market, near resources Service industries- cost of setting of industry, opportunity to expand, government regulations, market and choosing area where cost is minimized As climates, resources, and infrastructure (technology, transportation, and communication) change, the location and patterns of economic activities change. Climate changes/location: • Location (warmer climates, excessive rain) • Patterns of economic activities (crop yields decrease) Resources (changes): • Location and patterns of economic activities (As petroleum resources decrease, societies seek other resources to replace petroleum.) Infrastructure (changes): • Location (airports, rail, water management, communication/technology) • Patterns of economic activities (e-commerce, faster transfer of goods) Location/patterns (e.g., regulations, environmental, demand) Movement of products (e.g., proximity of demand, cost effective) Money (cost effective) People (e.g., labor, jobs, quality of life) Location 11B- identify the factors affecting the location of different types of economic activities, including subsistence and commercial agriculture, manufacturing, and service industries 11C- Assess how changes in climate, resources, and infrastructure (technology, transportation, and communication) affect the location and patterns of economic activities TOPICS & CONTENT 12A- Analyze how the creation, distribution, and management of key natural resources affects the location and patterns of movement of products, money, and people Management THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY TEKS Developing countries rely more on primary and secondary economic activities, while developed countries rely more on tertiary and quaternary activities. More developed countries are able to offer more service-oriented jobs, while importing raw materials and manufactured goods from developing countries. Primary activities include those jobs focused on raw extraction of natural resources (e.g., mining, agriculture, fishing) Secondary activities are jobs focused on manufacturing goods (e.g., manufacturing, construction) Tertiary activities include those in the service sector (e.g., transportation, sanitary services, commerce and trade) Quaternary activities include data processing jobs (e.g., finance, computer industry). ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES Management 12B- Evaluate the geographic and economic impact of policies related to the development, use, and scarcity of natural resources such as regulations of water Geographic impacts of policies related to the development, use, and scarcity of natural resources include loss or preservation of habitats, human development and growth of urban centers, and sustainable use of resources. Policies related to use, scarcity, and development (water): desalination, water recycling, conservation Economic impacts of policies related to the development, use, and scarcity of natural resources include growth or loss in income, creation or loss in jobs, and sustainability of resources for economic use in the future. Management of water resources, particularly in areas of scarcity, can have social, political, economic, and environmental impacts PACING: UNIT 7: UNITED STATES & CANADA CONCEPTS ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO WORLD GEOGRAPHY Nation of Migrants UNITED STATES & CANADA 18 Days ENDURING UNDERSTANDING To what degree has N American migration impacted two of the following over time? Ethnic and cultural distribution; Urbanization and settlement patterns; Political power; Economic development ethnic patriotism nationalism migrants UNIT VOCABULARY megalopolis per capita nationalism patriotism metropolitan urbanization refugees emigrate immigrate nomad less developed newly industrialized more developed capitalism GDP regions – formal, functional, perceptal maquiladoras NATO NAFTA GUIDED QUESTIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. How did the Rust Belt get its name? Why is there a large migration from the northern United States to the Sun Belt? What benefits did Europe get from the Columbian Exchange? What caused the growth of the western United States? What types of energy sources are best found in the various regions of the United States? ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Free market economies What are historical migration patterns to and within North America? What settlement patterns exist within major North American cities? How did different regions of N America develop distinct cultural characteristics? How does geography influence location and connection of economic activities and transportation throughout North America? How do voting patterns affect political power and the development of public policies within North American political systems? TEKS ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY TOPICS & CONTENT Impact of migrations ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES History 1A- Analyze the effects of physical and human geographic patterns and processes on the past and describe their impact on the present, including significant physical features and environmental conditions that influenced migration patterns and shaped the distribution of culture groups today Physical/political features Regions of the U.S. (New England, Southeast –including Sun Belt, Southwestincluding Sun Belt, Plains states, Midwest – including Rust Belt, West) Major economic activities within above regions Migration patterns to as well as within the US. Historically 3 waves of immigration: EUROPE (17th – 18th c.) ▪ From northwestern Europe – UK, Ireland, Scandinavian, Germany ▪ From southern and eastern Europe – Italy, Eastern Europe (Poland, Czech.) ▪ Push/Pull factors: Economic opportunities, political freedom ASIA (19th – 20th c.) ▪ 19th c.- Chinese, Japanese (Push/pull factors: Economic opportunity) ▪ Late 20th c.- Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos (Push/pull factors: Political asylum, escaping wars. LATIN AMERICA (late 20th c., early 21st c.) ▪ From Mexico, Central America (Push/pull factors: escaping war, seeking economic opportunities, political asylum i.e. Cubans in 1960s – 70s) Today: The majority of immigrants from Latin America, Asia, & Africa Geography Alive! Migration to the United States: The Impact on People and Places Geography Alive! pages 42-49 TEKS TOPICS & CONTENT History 1B- Trace the spatial diffusion of phenomena such as the Columbian Exchange or the diffusion of American popular culture and describe the effects on regions of contact History 2A- Describe the human and physical characteristics of the same regions at different periods of time to evaluate relationships between past events and current conditions 2B- Explain how changes in societies have led to diverse uses of physical features History UNITED STATES & CANADA History CON’T Culture groups today: ▪ California – Asians ▪ Southeast – Africa (then Great Migration) ▪ East – Irish (moved towards Midwest) ▪ Southwest – Hispanic (spreading north) ▪ Native Americans were moved onto reservations Environmental Conditions: Why did people settle where they did? ▪ Settling in familiar climate regions (similar to country of origin) ▪ Settled close to other recent immigrants with similar backgrounds ▪ Settled at or near port of entry (ex. Ellis Island, Miami for Cubans, Angel Island San Francisco, etc.) Columbian Exchange: the global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas. New crops led to better diets, increased demands for foods, leads to more exploring, colonization, and trade. Millions of Native Americans died from diseases like smallpox Impact on the Americas: new livestock, including horses (changes in transportation), cattle, sheep, and pigs resulting in a change in diet; food from Africa including bananas, okra, and yams; grains such as rice, barley, wheat, and oats; diseases such as smallpox, measles, and influenza led to the deaths of millions of Native Americans; slaves from Africa transformed labor systems Impact on Europe: new foods and plants, including maize (corn), tomatoes, cacao (chocolate), tobacco, quinine, and potatoes resulting in a population increase; the Americas became a valuable source of cotton and sugar, resulting in plantation systems where forced labor was a necessity. Impact of Migrations on Regions: language, religion, customs/traditions, culture Describe the development of empires and its impact on human characteristics over time Events like war, revolution, exploration and the impact on societies over time Domestication of plants and animals and the use of different geographic features (e.g., plains for agriculture) The expansion or decline of environment regions (e.g., the expansion of the Sahara and the decline of tropical rainforests) Major geological events on civilizations Change from a nomadic to an agrarian to an industrialized society Change in economic activities Demands and uses of natural resources as cultures transition from rural to urban societies Population growth and demands on water and other food resources Expansion of travel for different reasons in society ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES 19A- Evaluate the significance of major technological innovations in the areas of transportation and energy that have been used to modify the physical environment Economics Cultural landscape: created by people and their associated culture, can reflect a tie to farming, fishing, or pastoralism, the preferred architecture of development and community structure, as well as modes of transportation, recreation, and institutions. Cultural pattern: includes beliefs, values, attitudes, norms, and customs Texas: Cattle trails led to the diffusion of perceptions of life in the Southwest US and its landscape of wide open spaces. (Compare to Australia stereotypes). United States: Principals of democracy have led to increase or recognition of human rights in the political systems of many world countries. September 11, 2001 World Trade Center - NYC Geography Alive! Settlement Patterns and Way of Life in Canada Culture Culture ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES Identify global trade patterns, understand how they have changed over time Understand the growth and implications of globalization Implications of outsourcing Understand the implications of free trade zones Culture 10D- Compare global trade patterns over time and examine the implications of globalization, including outsourcing and free trade zones 16A- Describe distinctive cultural patterns and landscapes associated with different places in Texas, the United States, and other regions of the world and how these patterns influenced the processes of innovation and diffusion 18B- Assess causes, effects, and perceptions of conflicts between groups of people, including modern genocides and terrorism 18D- Evaluate the spread of cultural traits to find examples of cultural convergence and divergence such as the spread of democratic ideas, U.S.-based fast-food franchises, the English language, technology, or global sports TOPICS & CONTENT Science/Tech UNITED STATES & CANADA TEKS English is lingua-franca of the world • Changed other world cultures by making them more aware of primarily English-speaking countries than the primarily English-speaking countries are of non-primarily English speaking countries • The official language of over 30 countries in the world is English and many more teach it in their schools. Along with the fact that the United States is the leader in the science and business world, the use of the internet, and the world has become more global, it is easier to have a common language to better communicate among the scientist and business leaders of the world Spread of democratic ideas US based fast-food franchises all over the world Evaluate how innovations in transportation and energy have had negative and positive effects on the physical environment. Energy sources: coal, oil, solar, wind, wave and hydroelectric power Geography Alive! Urban Sprawl in North America: Where Will It End? 23B- Use case studies and GIS to identify contemporary challenges and to answer realworld questions 4A- Explain how elevation, latitude, wind systems, ocean currents, position on a continent, and mountain barriers influence temperature, precipitation, and distribution of climate regions Science/Tech ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES Compare statistics for most air conditioned cities. Examine infrastructure, ports, metropolitan business centers, etc associate with each location. Science/Technology Science/Tech Advances in agricultural technology has allowed for greater and more efficient production of crops, but use of some technology has led to loss of habitats and debates over genetically-modified foods and the safety of the world food supply. An advance in technology that deals with the extraction and use of natural resources has led to the destruction and preservation of environments and cheaper and more accessible resources. Economic and social impacts of medical advancements include better access to appropriate medical treatments, education about spread of diseases, and changes in cultural behaviors to improve health and sanitation. Economic, social, and environmental impacts of changing trade patterns include changes in flows of products and resource extraction and distribution, changing locations of markets, and new developments. Science/ Technology/ Skills 19B- Analyze ways technological innovations such as air conditioning and desalinization have allowed humans to adapt to places 19C- Examine the environmental, economic, and social impacts of advances in technology on agriculture and natural resources 20B- Examine the economic, environmental, and social effects of technology such as medical advancements or changing trade patterns on societies at different levels of development 20A- Describe the impact of new information technologies such as the Internet, Global Positioning System (GPS), or Geographic Information Systems (GIS). TOPICS & CONTENT GPS: a network of satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense. GPS satellites circle the earth twice a day in a very precise orbit and transmit signal information to earth. GPS receivers take this information and use triangulation to calculate the user's exact location. GIS: a tool that allows geographers and analysts to visualize data in several different ways in order to see patterns and relationships in a given area or subject. These patterns generally appear on maps but they can also be found on globes or in reports and charts. Impact: allowed information to be easily accessible worldwide, including computer mapping and navigation Geography UNITED STATES & CANADA TEKS Factors that influence climate regions :prevailing winds, latitudinal location, ocean currents , elevation Global, or prevailing, wind belts that affect ocean currents: trade winds, doldrums, westerlies, polar winds, and mountain barriers Main climate patterns of the world, according to their general geographic distribution, major weather patterns, and native vegetation: humid tropical (tropical rain forest), tropical savanna, desert, steppe, marine west coast, Mediterranean, humid subtropical, humid continental, subarctic, tundra, ice cap, and highland Climates in the low, middle, and high latitude zones The impact of the position on a continent (coastal vs. continental) on specific types of climates. Geography Alive! Consumption Patterns in the United States: The Impact of Living Well PACING: UNIT 8: LATIN AMERICA 15 Days CONCEPTS ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO WORLD GEOGRAPHY Extremes UNIT VOCABULARY Mestizo slash and burn ecotourism Amazon Columbian Exchange ENDURING UNDERSTANDING creoles terrace farming biodiversity Favellas spatial inequality social hierarchy landlocked Biome deforestation Cash crop rain shadow The physical geography of Latin America has shaped the politics, economics, social characteristics, and settlement patterns of the people of Latin America. Cartels Ring of Fire What were the cultural struggles fought by the Mestizo population? How does a Maquiladora operate within the free-trade zone? Why is the Atacama Desert a great example of a rain shadow effect? Explain why favellas and shanty towns get established around high urban areas – notably Mexico City and Rio de Janeiro? ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. What were the most significant effects of the Colombian Exchange? 2. What are Latin America’s most influential physical features? 3. How and why do the standard of living and levels of agriculture vary? 4. How are people, places and environments connected and interdependent? 4B- Describe different landforms and the physical processes that cause their development ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY Columbian Exchange Effects of colonization Political oppression TOPICS & CONTENT History TEKS 1B- Trace the spatial diffusion of phenomena such as the Colombian Exchange or the diffusion of American pop culture and describe the effects on regions of contact Geography LATIN AMERICA GUIDED QUESTIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Colonization (indigenous, mestizo, hierarchical government) Spatial diffusion domestication and staple crop Geography Alive! pages 132-139 The Andes: formed when continental plates collided, pushed up against each other and buckled. The fold resulted in a mountain range. Galapagos Islands: illustrate how volcanoes are created (as plates push together, one plate is forced under the other in a process called subduction (transform). As the bottom plate starts to melt, magma rises and forms volcanoes) Atacama Desert created by the Andes mountains working as a barrier against the moisture of the Pacific Ocean (cold Humbolt Current) creating a rainshadow effect. Amazon River: largest by volume river in the world due to location (rainforest). Geography Alive! Dealing with Extreme Weather: Hurricanes in the Caribbean Geography 4C- Explain the influence of climate on the distribution of biomes in different regions Locate: Andes, Amazon Basin, Llanos, Pampas, Brazilian Highlands, Atacama Teach how climate zones relate to vegetation and give specific examples. Students must explain the relationship between climate and vegetation of an area and how that influences human-environment interaction. Andes - formation of mountains affects vegetation and animals Tropical rainforest - climate influences vegetation which influences the logging industry. Llanos and Cerrado (Venezuela and Brazil) grasslands impact agricultural industry because of the expansive flat and treeless land Atacama - lack of precipitation caused by rain shadow affects vegetation, animals, and human activity. TEKS Geography Geography 8C- Evaluate the economic and political relationships between settlements and the environment, including sustainable development and renewable and nonrenewable resources 10A- Describe the forces that determine the distribution of goods and services in free enterprise, socialist, and communist economic systems Economics LATIN AMERICA 7C- Describe trends in world population growth and distribution TOPICS & CONTENT Be able to identify the location of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Mexico City, Mexico on a map Rural to urban migration: there has been a shift in population during the latter half of the 20th century from rural to urban areas. People move in search of economic opportunity, health care, and education. Students should understand the consequences of this migration such as overcrowding, income gaps, and pollution. Urban sprawl, Slums/shantytowns, Social mobility, Favellas/barrios Evaluate land use conflict, re/deforestation, sustainable development, ecotourism, slash and burn Identify how humans have adapted to, depended on, and interacted with the environment Analyze the different points of view to deforestation and the use of slash and burn in the Amazon Basin. POV: loggers, Native Amazonians, environmentalists, rubber tappers, cattle ranchers, settlers Slash and burn and the idea of controlled burning - it regenerates seeds, reduces fuels, improves wildlife habitat, controls competing vegetation, improves forage for grazing, improves accessibility, helps control tree disease, and perpetuates fire dependent species. Free Enterprise- Decisions about production, where to locate economic activities, and prices determined by laws of supply and demand and "the market." Socialist Economy- based on public ownership or independent cooperative ownership of the means of production, wherein production is carried out to directly produce use value, usually, but not always, coordinated through economic planning and a system of accounting based on calculation-in-kind or labor-time. Communist economy- Decisions about production, where to locate economic activities, and prices made by a single, central government agency or authority. ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Geography Alive! Spatial Inequality in Mexico City: From Cardboard to Castles Geography Alive! Land Use Conflict in the Amazon Rainforest Eco Economics 10B- Classify where specific countries fall along the economic spectrum between free enterprise and communism 10C- Compare the ways people satisfy their basic needs through the production of goods and services such as subsistence agriculture versus commercial agriculture or cottage industries versus commercial industries Types of Economies: traditional, free enterprise, socialist, communism Explain the different types of economic systems in Latin America specifically: • Traditional economy in Amazon Rain forest and Andes • Communism in Cuba • How Latin America is trying to gain stable market economies • Economic Development • cash crops • drug trade • commercial agriculture • subsistence agriculture • commercial industry • cottage industry • indigenous Geography Alive! Indigenous Cultures: The Survival of the May of Mesoamerica PACING: UNIT 9: WESTERN EUROPE 18 Days CONCEPTS History, including migration, war, trade, innovations and diffusion, has shaped the political, economic and social landscape of western Europe. ENDURING UNDERSTANDING UNIT VOCABULARY Fascism mass transportation Parliament Absolute Monarchy democracy Totalitarianism The geography and history of Western Europe shaped the way of life through the following categories: Political Economic Social Innovation colonization Globalization imperialism sovereign westernization genocide Constitutional monarchy pandemic NATO European Union socialism monarchy GUIDED QUESTIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Why did the Industrial Revolution start with Great Britain? How does history tie with the development of today’s European countries? What purpose did the Crusades play in the advancement of Europe? What elements help pandemics, like the Black Death, spread so easily? Explain the differences between a Monarchy and a Constitutional Monarchy. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. How do push and pull factors and physical geography influence migration? 2. How have western Europeans adapted to and affected their environment through technology and innovation? 3. How have European cultures maintained their continuity despite waves of migration and warfare? 4. How has the diffusion of W European culture influenced regions of the world? 5. How do physical geography and human processes lead to the formation of boundaries and political systems? TEKS 7B- Explain how political, economic, social, and environmental push and pull factors and physical geography affect the routes and flows of human migration ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY Absolute Monarchy Fascism Republic Constitutional monarchy Industrial Revolution Totalitarianism TOPICS & CONTENT Geography WESTERN EUROPE ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO WORLD GEOGRAPHY Explain political push and pull factors, economic push and pull factors, social push and pull factors, environmental push and pull factors Understanding the effect of physical geography on human migration European Imperialism Parliament ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Geography Alive! pages 204211 Geography 8A- Compare ways that humans depend on, adapt to, and modify the physical environment, including the influences of culture and technology Water Pollution by Industries – International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine recommends program to protect river, European Union has passed laws that members must follow, and European Environmental Agency which provides reliable information for citizens and industry Rivers: Environmental standards for Danube, Rhine Rivers (flow through multiple countries); cities that developed on rivers Pyrenees Mountains: merging of France, Spain, Andorra region as a former smuggling hub, Andorra now exists as an international duty-free trade zone Progressive stance of Europe on Green Energy – wind power, solar power, bio-fuels (decreased cost of bio-diesel in Germany) 18C- Evaluate the spread of cultural traits to find examples of cultural convergence and divergence such as the spread of democratic ideas, U.S. – based fast-food franchises, the English language, technology, or global sports 19A- Evaluate the significance of major technological innovations in the areas of transportation and energy that have been used to modify the physical environment 19C- Examine the environmental, economic, and social impacts of advances in technology on agriculture and natural resources ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Culture Government Government Current events can illustrate physical and human processes and how these processes led to the development of divisions between countries and territories. Human Processes – Cultural distribution of citizens, cultural traditions, conflict, immigration, colonialism, treaties, or political instability Physical Processes – River, mountain and other natural boundaries, climate change, natural hazards, and plate tectonics Political Systems: Constitutional monarchy- United Kingdom, Denmark Republic- France Totalitarianism- WWII Italy Fascism- WWII Germany Culture 14A- Analyze current events to infer the physical and human processes that lead to the formation of boundaries and other political divisions 14B- Compare how democracy, dictatorship, monarchy, republic, theocracy, and totalitarian systems operate in specific countries 18A- Analyze cultural changes in specific regions caused by migration, war, trade, innovation, and diffusion TOPICS & CONTENT Science/ Technology WESTERN EUROPE TEKS Venn Diagrams Migration – influx of new people brings new cultural beliefs, ideas, and practices War – causes change in dominating cultures, political systems, and institutions Trade – spreads goods, ideas, and cultural beliefs from one culture to another Innovation – advances in technology and ideas can change cultural practices Diffusion – mechanism in which cultural beliefs, ideas, and people spread from one culture to another. Maintaining traditional ways includes maintaining belief systems, languages, customs, economic activities and livelihoods, and technologies. Maintaining traditional economies are those cultures who keep close ties to traditional forms of economic activities, such as subsistence agriculture Innovations in transportation and energy have had negative and positive effects on the physical environment. Energy sources such as coal, oil, solar, wind, wave and hydroelectric power EUROPE during the Industrial Revolution • Steam power – Steam power is a source of energy for the steam engine that was used in machinery to pump water out of mines and different types of transportation like the trains and boats • Diesel machinery – Netherlands and land reclamation; personal transportation; transportation networks. Diesel machinery fall in the category of trucks, heavy machinery, and marine engines for submarines and large transport machinery has led to increase production in agriculture and industrial building. • Electricity – source of electricity. Europe using more Nuclear, wind, and solar. Geography Alive! Invisible Borders: Transboundary Pollution in Europe PACING: UNIT 10: EASTERN EUROPE, RUSSIA, & TRANSITION TO EU CONCEPTS ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO WORLD GEOGRAPHY Political and Economic Diversity Ethnic Group ENDURING UNDERSTANDING Market Economy Communism Geography and the area’s history is responsible in shaping the lives of a people in the political, economic, and social arenas. Isolation censorship Iron Curtain Nation-State command economy satellite nations Warsaw Pact Traditional Economy GUIDED QUESTIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. How does a Cold War differ from a war in the traditional sense? What are the differences between a free market system vs. a command system? Describe how censorship plays and important roll in communism. Explain the geographic difficulties that Siberia faces. Evaluate how the Tran-Siberian Railroad ties Eastern Europe and Asia together. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. How and why has the political map of Eastern Europe and Russia changed from the end of WWII to today? 2. How has the rise/fall of communism affected the physical/political environment of Russia, Eastern Europe, and their relationships with other countries? 3. How has the aftermath of communism impacted the economic and political transition of Eastern Europe and Russia to the EU? 4. How does location/management of resources affect movement of product/people? 5. How do physical geography and human processes lead to formation of boundaries and political systems? TEKS 2A- Describe the human and physical characteristics of the same regions at different periods of time to evaluate relationships between past events and current conditions. ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY Cold War Characteristics of communism, including the influences of Karl Marx TOPICS & CONTENT History EASTERN EUROPE, RUSSIA, & TRANSITION TO EU 8 Days UNIT VOCABULARY Cold War Geopolitics Warsaw vs. NATO Cold War/Iron Curtain Changing of the map - early 20th century. The development of empires and its impact on human characteristics over time Events like war, revolution, exploration and the impact on societies over time Domestication of plants and animals and the use of different geographic features The expansion or decline of environment regions Major geological events on civilizations ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Geography Alive! New Nation-States from the Old Soviet Empire: Will they Succeed? Geography TEKS 10B- Classify where specific countries fall along the economic spectrum between free enterprise and communism 12A- Analyze how the creation, distribution, and management of key natural resources affects the location and patterns of movement of products, money, and people Economics 10A- Describe the forces that determine the distribution of goods and services in free enterprise, socialist, and communist economic systems Common Market, Trade Bloc, Immigration issues After WWII: • Political - democracy v. communism • Economic - free market v. command • Social - individual rights v. censorship • Cultural - Westernization v. isolation Today (EU) • Former Eastern Bloc nations joining the EU and the changing levels of development in those countries. TOPICS & CONTENT Economics EASTERN EUROPE, RUSSIA, & TRANSITION TO EU 5A- Analyze how the character of a place is related to its political, economic, social, and cultural elements Free Enterprise- (capitalist, market economy) Decisions about what and how much to produce, where to locate economic activities, and what prices to charge for goods and services are determined by laws of supply and demand and "the market." Profit drives decisions in a market economy. There is private ownership of property. Socialist Economy- A socialist economy is based on public ownership or independent cooperative ownership of the means of production, wherein production is carried out to directly produce use value, usually, but not always, coordinated through economic planning and a system of accounting based on calculation-in-kind or labor-time. Communist economy- Decisions about what and how much to produce, where to locate economic activities, and what prices to charge for goods and services are made by a single, central government agency or authority. No private ownership. Danube River as major trade route to Black Sea. Population patterns of Russia in terms of the Ural Mountains and location of natural resources. In studying population distribution, students will be able to explain why the majority of Russia’s population is concentrated in the western part of the country, except for some concentration of people around isolated resources. Siberia—Especially under Soviet control, Russia’s government has encouraged migration of workers to go to where the resources are (compare to similar situations in Brazil, China, and moving people off Java) Now in Russia, former government-owned mines, mining operations, collective farms being sold to international companies. Trans-Siberian Railroad: longest RR in the world. Connects Moscow to Sea of Japan. Has great economic and historical importance. Geography Alive! Supranational Cooperation in the European Union ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Government 14A- Analyze current events to infer the physical and human processes that lead to the formation of boundaries and other political divisions 14B- Compare how democracy, dictatorship, monarchy, republic, theocracy, and totalitarian systems operate in specific countries Government Political Boundaries of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union following the fall of Communism Ethnic conflict in Balkans (former Yugoslavia), conflict over control of territory, leading to creation of new nation-states Human Processes – Cultural distribution of citizens, cultural traditions of Western and Eastern Europe Physical Processes – River, mountain and other natural boundaries: Caucasus and Ural Mountains serve as natural barrier between Russia and Central Asia, East Asia Democracy: Hungary, Latvia, Macedonia, Slovakia Dictatorship: Belarus Monarchy: Abolished Republic: Ukraine, Albania, Lithuania, Poland, Estonia, Slovenia, Moldova, Romania, Montenegro PACING: CONCEPTS ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO WORLD GEOGRAPHY Cultural Crossroads Christianity ENDURING UNDERSTANDING Physical features of the Middle East played a critical role in their social, economic, and political development. South West Asia is a cultural hearth. 14 Days UNIT VOCABULARY Anti-Semitism desalinization Monotheism OPEC desertification secular cultural hearth oasis Zionism oasis scarcity choke point GUIDED QUESTIONS How does OPEC play an important role in the price we pay for gas? Why is the technology of desalinization so important for this area of the world? What are primary differences between the two major factions of Islam (Sunni & Shiite)? In what aspects does a theocratic government affect its citizens? How has the availability of natural resources played a pivotal roll in the historical development of these countries? ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. How are people, places and environment connected and interdependent? How do different cultural beliefs influence public policy and decision making processes? How does this region have a major influence on global affairs? How have the people of Southwest Asia adapted to the extreme effect of their physical environment? 5. How do opportunities for women compare to other regions around the world? TEKS 2A- Describe the human and physical characteristics of the same regions at different periods of time to evaluate relationships between past events and current conditions ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY Historical origins of Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Sikhism, and the development of monotheism The spread of Christianity How Islam influences law and government in the Muslim world TOPICS & CONTENT History SOUTHWEST ASIA/MIDDLE EAST/NORTHERN AFRICA UNIT 11: SOUTHWEST ASIA/MIDDLE EAST/NORTHERN AFRICA The development of empires and its impact on human characteristics over time • Events like war, revolution, exploration and the impact on societies over time • Domestication of plants and animals and the use of different geographic features (e.g., plains for agriculture) • The expansion or decline of environment regions (e.g., the expansion of the Sahara) • Major geological events on civilizations ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Geography Alive! The Nile River: A Journey from Source to Mouth Geography Alive! pages 278-285 History 2B- Explain how changes in societies have led to diverse uses of physical features Change from a nomadic to an agrarian to an industrialized society Change in economic activities Demands and uses of natural resources as cultures transition from rural to urban societies Population growth and demands on water and other food resources Expansion of travel for different reasons in society Geography Alive! Life in the Sarah and the Sahel: Adapting to a Desert Region 7B- Explain how political, economic, social, and environmental push and pull factors and physical geography affect the routes and flows of human migration 8B- Describe the interaction between humans and the physical environment and analyze the consequences of extreme weather and other natural disasters such as El Niño, floods, tsunamis, and volcanoes 8C- Evaluate the economic and political relationships between settlements and the environment, including sustainable development and renewable/nonrenewable resources Geography Geography Atlas Mountains: block and lift moisture-laden winds from the Atlantic, creating conditions that lead to rainfall of more than 50 inches a year in some places in this region. There is also a sufficient amount of snowfall in this mountain range due to the amount of precipitation along with the cooler air in the higher elevations Main climate patterns, according to geographic distribution, major weather patterns, and native vegetation: tropical savanna, desert, steppe, marine west coast, Mediterranean, humid subtropical, humid continental, and highland The impact of the position on a continent (coastal vs. continental) on climate Arabian Desert, Sahara Desert, Dead Sea, Persian Gulf, Caspian Sea, Red Sea Taurus Mountains, Zagros Mountains, Atlas Mountains, Hindu Kush Mountains Arabian Peninsula Desertification Explain how changes in societies have led to different uses of physical features. Drip Irrigation in Israel Suez Canal in Egypt Major oil fields Coal Iron Solar use Hydro power Trace the Bedouin culture (pastoral nomadism) on the Arabian Peninsula and how it has changed today to relying on oil. Dubai is much different today because of oil. Geography Typical climate in North Africa and Southwest Asia is dry and hot in the vast stretches of relatively low, flat land. There is typically a bit of moisture where the mountain ranges are that capture the moisture and rainfall. Temperatures range from over 130 degrees Fahrenheit in the shade on a sunny day, and can drop quickly to below freezing in the night time. In the uplands of this region there is typically enough rainfall to nature grass, some trees, and limited agriculture. POLITICAL: Balfour Declaration, Partition of SW Asia, after WWI, UN Resolution 242, Oslo Accords, Camp David Accords, Munich Olympics, Roadmap for Peace. ECONOMIC: Difference in standard of living between the occupied territories and Israel. SOCIAL: PLO, Hamas, Zionism CULTURAL: Jerusalem as Holy City, Islam and Judaism Geography 4C- Explain the influence of climate on the distribution of biomes in different regions ACTIVITIES Geography 4A- Explain how elevation, latitude, wind systems, ocean currents, position on a continent, and mountain barriers influence temperature, precipitation, and distribution of climate regions 4B- Describe different landforms and the physical processes that cause their development TOPICS & CONTENT Geography SOUTHWEST ASIA/MIDDLE EAST/NORTHERN AFRICA TEKS Geography Alive! pages 348-355 Geography Alive! Oil in Southwest Asia: How “Black Gold” Has Shaped a Region 16B- Describe elements of culture, including language, religion, beliefs and customs, institutions, and technologies Economics Government 14B- Compare how democracy, dictatorship, monarchy, republic, theocracy, and totalitarian systems operate in specific countries Introduce OPEC and discuss how trade patterns have changed over time. Discuss how American food chains have globalized in the Middle East. Geopolitics of war Democracy: Iraq, Israel Dictatorship: Syria Monarchy: Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Jordan, Oman, Morocco Republic: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Lebanon, Turkey, Yemen, Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia Theocracy: Iran Emirate: United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar Culture 10D- Compare global trade patterns over time and examine the implications of globalization, including outsourcing and free trade zones TOPICS & CONTENT 16C- Explain ways various groups of people perceive the characteristics of their own and other cultures, places, and regions differently Culture SOUTHWEST ASIA/MIDDLE EAST/NORTHERN AFRICA TEKS Language: Arabic primarily Religion: Islam is the majority along with Christianity and Judaism Land Use: A few people own the majority of land and the Persian Gulf countries employ most people in the petroleum industry. Because most of the land is desert, they have to adjust. Systems of Education: primarily wealthy families have access. In rural areas, there are no real systems for schools. Customs: Based on the customs and traditions of their religion, primarily Islam. Bedouin traditions. People may view their own culture or place from their own cultural lens which can lead to ethnocentric feelings, while that same culture may or may not be viewed differently by people of another culture. ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES PACING: UNIT 12: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 9 Days CONCEPTS Diversity, Challenges and a Legacy of Colonialism ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO WORLD GEOGRAPHY drought migration urbanization arid ENDURING UNDERSTANDING The challenges faced by African nations are caused by internal and external forces within the economic, political, ethnic, and human development characteristics of the continent. biomes refugees vegetation diffusion sustainable development colonization standard of living tropical UNIT VOCABULARY Apartheid commodity desertification famine slum shanty town GUIDED QUESTIONS 3. 4. 5. How has the physical layout of the continent affected the diversity of the people? Concerning cultural and political, how did the Berlin Conference play into the development of the African countries? How is man affecting the size of the Sahara desert? In what ways are the Apartheid laws similar to the Jim Crow laws? What is the basis for the Rwandan genocide? ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. How does the history of colonization continue to affect the economic, political and social aspects of African countries today? 2. What physical processes and relationships support different African biomes? 3. How are people, places and the environment in Africa connected and interdependent? 4. How have challenges such as civil unrest, genocide, warfare and pandemic disease affected population patterns, demographics and standards of living of African countries? TEKS Geography 4A-Explain how elevation, latitude, wind systems, ocean currents, position on a continent, and mountain barriers influence temperature, precipitation, and distribution of climate regions 4C-Explain the influence of climate on the distribution of biomes in different regions ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY Bantu Migrations Genocides: Rwanda- Burundi & Darfur Apartheid Berlin Conference TOPICS & CONTENT Geography SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 1. 2. Africa Climate Regions: • Tropical – tropical wet/dry; tropical wet • Arid – desert; semi-arid • Subtropical – Mediterranean, Marine west Coast Cover elevation, latitude, location near warm and cold ocean currents, position on continent, and relation to landforms (ex. Mountain ranges block moisture) as necessary within the specific regions. Specific landforms that should be mentioned in relation to climate include: • Plateaus – “Plateau continent”, Ethiopian Plateau • Highlands – Ethiopians Highlands Congo, Niger, Nile Rivers – Deltas and dams • Cold ocean currents off west coast helps create the Namib Desert (same effect as cold currents off South America/Atacama Desert) ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Geography 5A-Analyze how the character of a place is related to its political, economic , social and cultural elements 6B- Explain the processes that have caused changes in settlement patterns, including urbanization, transportation, access to and availability of resources, and economic activities Geography Geography 5B- Interpret political, economic, social, and demographic indicators to determine the level of development and standard of living in nations using the terms Human Development Index, less developed, newly industrialized, and more developed 6A- Locate and describe human and physical features that influence the size and distribution of settlements TOPICS & CONTENT Geography SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TEKS The character of a place is a combination of living components, nonliving components, origin and history • Political characteristics of a place • Economic characteristics of a place • Social characteristics of a place • Cultural characteristics of a place Students should be able to compare the effects of colonization by the Spanish in Latin America to the effects of colonization by other European powers in Africa. Students should be able to compare areas of high standards of living to areas of low standards of living, and the implications of different levels of development on the cultural, economic, and political characteristics of a region. The Great Rift Valley is a series of developing rifts that curve inland from the Red Sea and extends more than 2000 miles south to Mozambique, near the east coast. Escarpments are long cliffs that are around the rim of the continent and the long uniform coastlines have a few natural harbors. The surface of the continent of Africa can be looked upon as a raised platform, or plateau, bordered by a fairly narrow and uniformed coastal lowlands as well as covered by an ancient mantle of rock in various staged of weathering. The platform then slopes downward to the north. The Southeastern third of the continent is an upland region with several high peaks, whereas the northwestern two-thirds of the continent consists of lower lying landscapes, interrupted only here and there by uplands and mountains. Because of these mountains and various landforms here Africa has obstructed transport and hindered connections to the outside world. Bantu Migrations Refugees Desertification Railroads, canals, etc Geography Alive! Micro-entrepreneurs: Women’s Role in the Development of Africa ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Geography 8B – Describe the interaction between humans and the physical environment and analyze the consequences of extreme weather and other natural disasters such as El Nino, floods, tsunamis, and volcanoes 14A – Analyze current events to infer the physical and human processes that lead to the formation of boundaries and other political divisions 15B – Explain how citizenship practices, public policies, and decision making may be influenced by cultural beliefs, including nationalism and patriotism Geography Government 8C- Evaluate the economic and political relationships between settlements and the environment, including sustainable development and resources (renewable, nonrenewable, inexhaustible) TOPICS & CONTENT Citizenship SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TEKS Desertification: process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture Dry Forests: those forest that lose their leaves during extended dry seasons; they are being destroyed faster than rain forests because they are closer to developments, which are in greater need of their resources. Wildlife and National Parks: The parks are trying to save many of the animals in Africa, which are referred to as “bush meat” because most of the people living in villages use these animals as their greater source and sometime their only source of protein. Some animals are being hunted to almost extinction. Some natural wildlife animals are being hunted also to protect livestock, like the cheetahs, which sneak into some farmer’s properties and steal their livestock’s. Sustainable development Renewable/non-renewable resources Economic and political relationships between settlements and the environment. • Examples may include: governing institutions, adaptability to environment, and dependence and interdependence The Carrying Capacity: the maximum number of people it can support sustainably with food, water, and other essential resources. Carrying capacities in Africa vary widely across the huge continent, and the factors that limit carrying capacity also can vary from the place to place. Historically: Berlin Conference Current events can illustrate physical processes (e.g., climate change, natural hazards, and plate tectonics), and human processes (e.g., conflict, immigration, colonialism, treaties, or political instability), and how these processes led to the development of divisions between countries and territories. South African Apartheid compared to Jim Crow in U.S. Central Africa: Citizenship procedures are lacking because these countries were organized because of colonialism with no consideration for ethnic diversity or tribal relationship and the governments in power are usually corrupt and weak. Students will be able to explain how countries deal with make different decisions about certain practices and public policies despite different value systems ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Geography Alive! Resources and Power in Post-apartheid South Africa 18B – Assess causes, effects and perceptions of conflicts between groups of people, including modern genocides and terrorism Culture Political and cultural—colonization and effects Students will be able to identify how the culture of a country is influenced by the European power that colonized them, both during colonization and since independence. Students will be able to explain the importance of the Berlin Conference, and the lasting impact of colonization on present-day African countries. Analyze how the identity of a place is influenced by language, religion, and political and economic systems. For example: • Islam replacing Christianity as the dominant religion in Nigeria • Bantu Migrations – spread of Bantu languages • Many former colonies have transitioned into dictatorships • Many African countries have become “one-commodity” countries Genocides: • Rwanda & Burundi: In central Africa, both nations were populated by 2 groups: Hutus (majority) and Tutsi (minority). They began fighting in the 1970s, and in the 90s, the Hutu’s began murdering over 850,000 Tutsi in their civil war. • Darfur: Since the 1990s, in Sudan, Africa, over 200,000 innocent people have been massacred by an Arab group called the Janjaweed. This genocide targets Sudan’s black population. Why? For territory in western Sudan. Geography Alive! pages 332-333 PACING: UNIT 13: SOUTH ASIA 15 Days CONCEPTS Physical, cultural, political and economic issues of South Asia ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO WORLD GEOGRAPHY caste system Hinduism ENDURING UNDERSTANDING monsoons South Asia is shaped by its rapidly expanding population, proximity to natural hazards, religious traditions, and colonial legacy. UNIT VOCABULARY micro-credit sub-continent polytheism social mobility reincarnation partition outsourcing monsoon karma archipelago Buddhism GUIDED QUESTIONS 1. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY Role of women Globalization Historical origins of Buddhism, Confucianism, Hinduism, Sikhism 1. How have the people of South Asia adapted to their physical environment? 2. How can population pyramids help us understand past, present, and future population characteristics and trends? 3. How do levels of economic development vary across the region? 4. How do opportunities for social mobility compare to other regions in the world? 5. How do major religions of South Asia influence countries culture, economy, and politics? 6. How has Western culture influenced South Asia in the past and the present? TEKS 3B- Describe the physical processes that affect the environments of regions, including weather, tectonic forces, erosion, and soilbuilding processes TOPICS & CONTENT Geography SOUTH ASIA 2. How does the caste system, as a religious based function, play such an important role in the political system of India? Why is the Ganges River such an important link between Hinduism and the economy of India? What is the struggle that the Kashmir region deals with? Why is India referred to as a “Sub” continent? In what ways did British imperialism play a role in the development of India as a country? How does the weather, notably monsoons, impact the lifestyle of the people? How was Gandhi’s nonviolent revolution so effective in bringing about the independence of India? Tectonic forces and plate movement created the Himalayas when the India and Asian plates moved together creating uplift (Convergent boundary). Extreme weather conditions are found in the Himalayas dependent upon elevation. Freezing and thawing in some areas lead to rock weathering and avalanches (gravity). Along the fertile alluvial plains, the soil building process occurs. These fertile alluvial plains have been created by the flooding of the region’s major river system of the Ganges, Indus, and Brahmaputra. Erosion of soil along these river ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Geography Alive! pages 390-397 Geography Construct and analyze population pyramids from various countries as well as data, graphics and maps Describe population characteristics and predict future growth trends. Compare pyramids showing rapid growth, slow growth, and negative (declining) growth Geography 7A- Construct /analyze population pyramids and use other data, graphics, and maps to describe the population characteristics of different societies and to predict future population trends 8B- Describe the interaction between humans and the physical environment and analyze the consequences of extreme weather and other natural disasters such as El Niño, floods, tsunamis, and volcanoes Monsoon winds: (seasonal winds) blow from the northeast from Oct. through Feb. bringing dry air. From June through Sept. the winds blow from the southwest bringing much moisture. Cyclones: affect the region due to the flooding that occurs in low-lying areas. Global Warming: Melting ice caps would result in rising sea levels, which would prove disastrous for low-lying areas and islands such as the Maldives. A 20-inch rise in the level of the Indian Ocean would place 80% of the island nation under water. TEKS Students need to understand the historical significance of colonization and the struggle for independence that led to the partitioning of India and East and West Pakistan (Pakistan and Bangladesh) and look at how that affected political power of Muslims in India and Pakistan. Example: Kashmir is a region disputed by Pakistan, China and India Languages, including monolingual, bilingual, and multilingual countries and cultural groups Religion, belief systems, and customs Institutions and community/family structure (e.g. family, education, government, economic systems) ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Economics Subsistence agriculture is practiced most often in the less developed countries of the world. Food is grown by a family for its own consumption rather than to sell. Government Culture 13B- Compare maps of voting patterns or political boundaries to make inferences about the distribution of political power 16B- Explain ways various groups of people perceive the characteristics of their own and other cultures, places, and regions differently 17C- Compare economic, political, or social opportunities in different cultures for women, ethnic and religious minorities, and other underrepresented populations Culture SOUTH ASIA 10C- Compare the ways people satisfy their basic needs through the production of goods and services such as subsistence agriculture versus commercial agriculture or cottage industries versus commercial industries TOPICS & CONTENT Geography Alive! Waiting for the Rains: The Effects of Monsoons in South Asia Compare women’s education level to standard of living Access to education and work outside the home • India • Education • Right to own property • Fertility rights • Pay equality Caste System (Caste and outcast) treatment of untouchables Geography Alive! Tech Workers and Time Zones: India’s Comparative Advantage Culture 18A- Analyze cultural changes in specific regions caused by migration, war, trade, innovations, and diffusion Processes that cause cultural change Migration – influx of new people brings new cultural beliefs, ideas, and practices War – causes change in dominating cultures, political systems, and institutions Trade – spreads goods, ideas, and cultural beliefs from one culture to another Innovation – advances in technology and ideas can change cultural practices Diffusion is a mechanism in which cultural beliefs, ideas, and people spread from one culture to another. PACING: UNIT 14: EAST ASIA 15 Days CONCEPTS ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO WORLD GEOGRAPHY Influence agriculture ENDURING UNDERSTANDING China’s transition from communism, vast population, and natural resources has given it many possibilities for the future. Japan’s physical geography has contributed to its unique history and development. Korea’s peninsular location and proximity to major powers has influenced its political and economic development. famine industrialization metropolitan earthquake dam UNIT VOCABULARY Fertility rate Economic interdependence Free trade zone isolationism Hydroelectricity JAKOTA Triangle Demilitarized zone (DMZ) Trade surplus Trade deficit GUIDED QUESTIONS 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. How did being isolated from the Western world affect the Eastern cultures? What are the pros and cons that China had to debate before building the Three Gorges Dam? How did Hong Kong rise to become such a prominent city in the Eastern hemisphere? In what ways does the “One Child” policy affect China both culturally and economically? Compare the imperialist ideas of Britain and Japan. What are the drastic differences the Cold War caused in the Korean peninsula? Explain the different political viewpoints over the issue of Taiwan. ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY Roles of Women Buddhism Confucianism ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. How have countries in East Asia attempted to address their overpopulation issues? 2. How do the countries in this region adapt to/modify their physical environment? 3. What is China’s economic, political, and social influence on the rest of the world? TEKS TOPICS & CONTENT Geography 6A- Locate and describe human and physical features that influence the size and distribution of settlements 6B- Explain the processes that have caused changes in settlement patterns, including urbanization, transportation, access to and availability of resources, and economic activities Geography EAST ASIA 1. 2. Identify patterns in factors of settlement such as bodies of water, transportation routes, climates, and biomes. Show change in settlement patterns over time. Analyze population density and distribution areas on the Asian continent. Determine how climate, transportation routes, and available water effected settlements. Major cities of Asia: Tokyo, Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Seoul Students should be able to: locate above cities on a map, understand why they are important cities based on their location, look at patterns in size and distribution of cities, and analyze urban area models, such as concentric zone, sector, and multiple nuclei to determine which model is most appropriate for the region. China - When completed the Three Gorges Dam will have changed the settlement pattern along the Chang River. Two million people living in hundreds of villages and towns will be displaced to allow for a reservoir 370 miles long. Positive outcomes of building the dam is the generation of electricity equivalent to 15 coal burning plants. ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES 7C- Describe trends in past world population growth and distribution Geography 7A- Construct and analyze population pyramids and use other data, graphics, and maps to describe the population characteristics of different societies and to predict future population trends TEKS Geography Geography Citizenship 8B- Describe the interaction between humans and the physical environment and analyze the consequences of extreme weather and other natural disasters such as El Nino, floods, tsunamis, and volcanoes 15A- Identify and give examples of different points of view that influence the development of public policies and decisionmaking processes on local, state, national, and international levels 18C- Analyze examples of cultures that maintain traditional ways, including traditional economies TOPICS & CONTENT Culture EAST ASIA 8A- Compare ways that humans depend on, adapt to, and modify the physical environment, including the influences of culture and technology Construct and analyze population pyramids from various countries as well as data, graphics and maps to understand and predict the needs of a population and its future growth trends. Describe population characteristics and predict future growth trends. Compare pyramids showing rapid growth, slow growth, and negative (declining) growth Describe the population characteristics of different countries and to predict future growth trends Analyze the governmental policies which have been put in place by China and determine whether or not they are actually changing population growth in that country. China and Japan’s lower fertility rate Identify how humans have modified, adapted to, depended on, and interacted with their environment. Interaction depends upon: the nature of the environment (including availability and access to resources); needs of the society; the culture and values of the human group; and their level of technology. Effects of Population Growth and Industrialization: pollution, global warming, climatic change), using up resources such as water and trees, expanded middle class (but income gap between rich and poor remains high), higher crime rates in city(due to increased density, and poverty) Understand that the ways people interact with the environment depend upon three factors: the nature of the environment; the culture and values of the human group; and their level of technology. China –Sacrificed environment for industry, ex. Three Gorges Dam Japan- reclaims land from the sea. Tokyo Bay- added 249 square kilometers to the Tokyo prefecture (which came into existence in 1943) Japan and Taiwan has made changes in building products and methods which has made life in this earthquake prone country safer than they were in the past. Earthquake drills are a part of the life of everyone in the country. Earthquakes cause tsunamis, and their impact on Japan. Typhoons in the Pacific Ocean: World’s deadliest storms. China: Three Gorges Dam Japan—cultural isolation Mongolia - traditional lifestyles, nomadic, yurts Tibet- Free Tibet China—KFC, etc. Spread of democratic ideas – Japanese civil code modeled after German civil code. The Koreas –demilitarized zone at the 38th parallel North vs. South Korea Geography Alive! China: The World’s Most Populous Country Geography Alive! Population Density in Japan: Life in a Crowded City ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Culture 18D- Evaluate the spread of cultural traits to find examples of cultural convergence and divergence, such as the spread of democratic ideas, US-based fast food franchises, the English language, technology or global sports. In Japan, English language instruction starts in Junior High and continues until at least the 3rd year of high school focusing on reading and writing, rather than speaking. In China, foreign language education (usually English) begins in the 3rd grade. China’s One Child Policy North Korea’s isolationism PACING: UNIT 15: SOUTHEAST ASIA 10 Days (Combined with Oceania) ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO WORLD GEOGRAPHY CONCEPTS Imperialism Containment ENDURING UNDERSTANDING UNIT VOCABULARY ASEAN Economic tigers Aboriginal Maori Outback Endemic Penal colony Since WWI the changes in Southeast Asia occurred in the following areas: Economic, Social, Environmental, and Political 1. 2. What was the primary focus for Europeans traveling to these areas? How did European contact change the cultures? ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. What impact has colonization & imperialism had on economic and political development? 2. How have geographic process such as volcanoes and tsunamis affected the region? 3. What accounts for the vast differences in level of development and range of economic activities between different countries in Southeast Asia? 4. What political, economic and environmental factors have contributed to migration patterns in this region? TEKS ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY Roles of women Buddhism Islam Confucianism TOPICS & CONTENT 2A- Describe the human and physical characteristics of the same regions at different periods of time to evaluate relationships between past events and current conditions History SOUTHEAST ASIA GUIDED QUESTIONS Europeans arrived in 1509 looking mainly for ways to enrich themselves, not places to settle. (They wanted to bypass the Muslim merchants who had a monopoly on the spice trade) Colonialism and Imperialism changed SE Asia: Colonial powers set up central governments (helped lead to modern nation states and many wars), colonies were forced to produce commodities to benefit Europe’s economy, massive immigration from British India and China due to increased labor demand. Rich mosaic of cultures due to indigenous people, colonizers, and immigrants. SE Asia is truly a crossroads with influences from East Asia, SW Asia, Central Asia, Europe, and more recently, the U.S. European nations colonized Dutch: Dutch east Indies (including Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Dutch New Guinea) French: French Indo China (including Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos) German: Kasier-Wihelmsland (northern Papua New Guinea) Portuguese: first European power to conquer a SE Asian nation, Malacca, in 1511, but Dutch took Malacca from them in 1641. But Portuguese still had Timor Spanish: Philippines ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Thailand (Siam) remained independent but was deeply affected by the power politics of the European colonizers. TEKS 8C- Evaluate the economic and political relationships between settlements and the environment, including sustainable development and renewable/non-renewable resources 11B - Identify factors affecting the location of different types of economic activities, including subsistence and commercial agriculture, manufacturing, and service industries 14A- Analyze current events to infer the physical and human processes that lead to the formation of boundaries and other political divisions Geography Geography Geography Geography 7B- Explain the political, economic, social, and environmental push and pull factors and physical geography affect the routes and flows of human migration Economics SOUTHEAST ASIA 7A- Construct and analyze population pyramids and use other data, graphics and maps to describe the population characteristics of different societies and to predict future population trends Government 4B- Describe different landforms and the physical processes that cause their development TOPICS & CONTENT ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Countries: Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand. Vietnam Bodies of water: Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Gulf of Tonkin, Mekong River, Strait of Malacca, Irrawaddy River Islands: Borneo, Java, Sumatra, New Guinea Landforms: Volcano, archipelago, and hot spots Climate: Monsoons, tsunamis, and typhoons Thailand and Vietnam: large change over time (look for decrease in birth rates) Indonesia: largest Muslim nation in the world, compare Java and Sumatra pop. Singapore: more developed country so its population characteristics will be vastly different (could compare to Austria in terms of similar patterns) Cambodia: historical pop. characteristics from atrocities of the Khmer Rouge, agricultural (most agricultural along with Laos, so look for high birth rate, least economically diverse, and fairly high infant mortality and death rates in general) Push factors Pull factors Refugees Primate City- leading city in its country or region Kampongs- Malaysian enclosure or village Sustainable development Renewable/non-renewable resources Economic and political relationships between settlements and the environment. Examples may include: Governing institutions, Adaptability to environment, Dependence and interdependence Klongs- name for a canal in the central plain of Thailand Shifting Cultivation Slash and burn agriculture Choke point Shipping lane Asian Tigers Globalization To determine how current political boundaries were acquired, , analyze: • geographic influences (natural boundaries, natural resources, etc.) • political influences (historical, esp. colonization, as well as present) • social influences (religion, customs, etc.) Geography Alive! The Global Sneaker: From Asia to Everywhere PACING: UNIT 16: OCEANIA 10 Days (Combined with Southeast Asia) CONCEPTS ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO WORLD GEOGRAPHY Isolationism UNIT VOCABULARY OCEANIA ENDURING UNDERSTANDING Australia and New Zealand have been shaped by histories similar to the United States and Canada but with very different physical environments and results. Antarctica is an area of scientific importance and international cooperation. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. How, where, and why have people migrated to and through Oceania, Australia, and New Zealand? 2. What are the physical characteristics of Oceania, Australia, and New Zealand? 3. How have geographic processes changed Oceania? 4. How have native people in Oceania, Australia, and New Zealand maintained and/or integrated traditional customs and lifestyles? 5. How do nations work together to protect the environment? 6. How does technology influence economic activities as well as impact the environment? TEKS TOPICS & CONTENT ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Europeans arrived in 1509 looking mainly for ways to enrich themselves, not places to settle. (They wanted to bypass the Muslim merchants who had a monopoly on the spice trade.) Colonialism changed Australia/New Zealand by: • • • • • History 1A- Analyze the effects of physical and human geographic patterns and processes on events in the past and describe their effects on present conditions, including significant physical features and environmental conditions that influenced migration patterns in the past and shaped the distribution of culture groups today Colonial powers set up central governments (helped lead to modern nation states) Colonies were forced to produce commodities to benefit Europe’s economy. Massive immigration from England and British colonies Loss of indigenous cultures to assimilation in Australia. New Zealand’s indigenous culture (Maori) did not lose their culture because of the Treaty of Waitangi that was signed. Geography Alive! Relative and Absolute Location: What Makes Australia Unique? Geography Alive! The Pacific Islands: Adapting to Life Surrounded by Ocean AUSTRALIA • Aboriginal people migrated from Asia at least 40,000 years ago • Great Britain founds Sydney as a penal colony (1788) • Later, Australia as a colony gave Great Britain naval bases in Pacific NEW ZEALAND • Maori settled in New Zealand from Polynesia more than 1000 years ago • Captain James Cook explores New Zealand (1769) and Australia (1770) • Hunters and whalers settle in New Zealand OCEANIA • Consists of about 20,000 islands, but that number is constantly changing • Describe how the following create or destroy islands: erosion , volcanoes, coral reefs Geography 3B- describe the physical processes that affect the environments of regions, including weather, tectonic forces, erosion, and soilbuilding processes 4B- Describe different landforms and the physical processes that cause their development TOPICS & CONTENT Geography OCEANIA TEKS Ecotourism: Compare Ecotourism to traditional tourism. Ecotourism typically focuses on personal growth, volunteering, and learning new ways to live on the planet. Ecotourists usually go to places where the flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions. Global warming: Effects seen in Antarctica. How will these effects bring economic opportunities as well as economic and environmental disasters? Peninsulas Archipelagos Rivers and long coastlines Mountains and volcanoes: Ring of Fire Islands: high (created by volcanoes), low islands and atolls (created by coral reefs; soil is poor because they are not created by volcanoes and coral does not enrich low island soil) Coral Reef: Great Barrier Reef Deserts Mountains ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES Geography Alive! Antarctica: Researching Climate Change at the Coldest Place on Earth Geography 5A- Analyze how the character of a place is related to its political, economic, social, and cultural elements OCEANIA Blends traditional ways with influences from Europe and the U.S. Political—12 islands have gained independent rule, but many are still controlled by foreign nations, including the U.S. Economic—mostly subsistence agriculture (bananas, sugar, cocoa, coffee) and tourism Social—traditional life usually centered on a village with a chief who led the village. People lived in extended families. Polynesians frequently fought each other; Micronesians coexisted more peacefully. Fishing and farming dominated. Recently, people have been moving to larger cities. Cultural—lots of different languages (1,100) including European languages. Christianity is the most widely spread religion (due to missionary work) AUSTRALIA similar to New Zealand Political—self-governing since 1901; Economic—native people have higher rates of poverty; major exporter of farm products including wool; major mining operations produce diamonds, lead, zinc, opals, copper, coal; Social—high rates of immigration from other countries; most people live in cities and towns Cultural—Christianity is major religion; speak English; many British customs; outdoor sports are popular TEKS TOPICS & CONTENT 18C- Identify examples of cultures that maintain traditional ways, including traditional economies 19C- Examine the environmental, economic, and social impacts of advances in technology on agriculture and natural resources NEW ZEALAND similar to Australia Political—self-governing since 1907; Economic—native people have higher rates of poverty; major exporter of farm products include fruits and vegetables, butter, meat; has forests so they export wood and paper products Social—mostly of British descent; most people live in cities and towns Cultural—blend of British and Maori customs; English and Maori are both official languages; Christianity is the main religion; outdoor sports are popular Extended scarcity of water in Australia has led to strictly implemented water restrictions, especially west of the Great Dividing Range Australia is largely made up of deserts, so although their exports include agricultural products, they also get a large part of their income from mining operations Different points of view create debate, lead to conflict or opposing sides, and development of resolutions or agreements on public policies. Citizenship Culture Culture 15A- Identify and give examples of different points of view that influence the development of public policies and decision-making processes on local, state, national, and international levels 18A- Analyze cultural changes in specific regions caused by migration, war, trade, innovations, and diffusion Science/Tech OCEANIA 12B- Evaluate the geographic and economic impact of policies related to the development, use and scarcity of natural resources such as regulations of water Economics Geography Con’t Colonization: • Push: penal colonies set up in Australia after losing the US colonies. Brought English culture and language. • Pull: opportunity for a better life in the new world. Gold discovery. Aboriginal people have “westernized” to a great extent by adopting customs and economic practices of their former colonizers New Zealand has a completely different culture and history. How have the indigenous people of New Zealand, the Maori, been able to maintain their culture even though there has been influence from colonization? Treaty of Waitangi Aboriginal people in Australia Pacific Islanders‘ traditions Coral reefs—affect of pesticides, global warming Use of diesel technology to grow food (growing and transporting food takes lots of diesel) Irrigation ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES