Download 28HYD18_Layout 1 - Namasthe Telangana

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 28  2016
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With some verbs, the choice of a to-infinitive or an
–ing form depends on the meaning. Gerunds always
and infinitives at times, function like nouns and for
this reason they are sometimes called Verbal nouns.
Since gerunds and participles functioning like
nouns, they can perform any of the nouns. Look at
the italicized words in the following sentences. The
noun- function each of them does in the sentence is
indicated within brackets:
1. Swimming is a good exercise. (Subject of, verb).
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2. I like Swimming. (direct object of verb).
3. I am fond of Swimming
(object of preposition ).
4. The exercise I like best is Swimming
(Subject complement).
5. He stands in knee-deep water and splashes about,
and he calls Swimming.
(object complement).
6. He likes only one exercise- Swimming
( noun in apposition).
I request you kindly to help me
INFINITIVE & GERUND
They are derived from the verbs, infinitives
Eg.. Gerunds are not considered verbs as
they do not function independently. They
have their specific positions in sentences.
The following table shows their places of
their occurrences.
CHOICE OF INFINITIVE & GERUND
Infinite and Gerund are mutually replicable
in the case of certain verbs and irreplaceable
in the case of other verbs.
IRREPLACABLE eg..
INFINITIVE
John decided to help her (√)
John decided on helping her (X)
He refused to wait for me (√)
He refused waiting for me (X)
GERUND
Sarah suggested attending the party (√)
Sarah suggested to attend the party (X)
The management recommended paying
his leave salary (√)
The management recommended to pay his
leave salary (X)
Note: REPLACABLE eg..
Verbs that take either infinite or gerund
with no change of meaning.
Start, intend, bother, begin, continue,
propose, like, prefer, hate
He started to leave the theatre before the
end of the play
He started leaving the theatre before the
end of the play
• He intended to help her / he intends
helping her
I always prefer to travel to my village by
train
I always prefer traveling to my village by
train
Remember/forget/regret are used with
gerunds for the memories of the past. In
these constructions the action is followed
by the act of remembering, forgetting and
regretting.
I regret spending on her (Spending is the
1st and regret is the 2nd action)
I remember attending the marriage years
back. (attending is the 1st and
remembering is the 2nd action)
I will never forget waiting for the train for
the full 5 hours
In respect of infinitives, the verbs
themselves form the first action,
immediately followed by other verb.
I regret to say that I have not cared to
respond to your letter (regret is the 1st
action and to say is the 2nd)
I often forget to sign my letter (forget is the
1st and sign is the 2nd action)
STOP
An old man walking on the road stopped to
talk to us (stop to do: Stop for a moment so
that you can do something)
Why do you make a lot of noice…? Please
stop talking (stop doing : to an action)
L.T.HemalathaVittal
Ph.D., Research Scholar
Dept of English
Telangana University
[email protected]
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I’m applying for a visa. It means filling in
this form (means doing something)
After the verb ‘doubt’......... ‘that’ should
not be used.
Only ‘if’and ‘whether’should be used in its place.
Example
I doubt that Aditya will come (incorrect)
I doubt if Aditya will come ( correct)
An infinite verb should not be split.
Example
I request you to kindly help me (incorrect)
I request you kindly to help me ( correct)
Indefinite pronouns require singular verbs.
Example
Everyone has gone to the party.
Someone has stolen my bag.
If anyone asks for me, please tell them that
I’m at home.
No one has claimed responsible for the
bomb blast.
Nobody has bothered to think about what
has gone wrong with him.
There are some nouns that indicate length,
measure, money, weight or number. When
they are preceded by a numeral, they
remain unchanged in form.
Foot
Pair
Score
Dozen
Head
Year
Hundred
Thousand
Million
Example
It is a three-years degree course (incorrect)
It is a three- year degree course (correct)
I have ten dozens of shoes ( incorrect)
I have ten dozen of shoes (correct)
Either, neither, each, everyone, many must
be followed by a singular verb.
Example
Neither of the two men was strong.
Two or more singular subjects connected
by or/nor require singular verb.
Example
Either the cat or dog has been here.
Some nouns which are plural in form, but
singular in meaning, take a singular verb.
Example
The news is true
When a plural noun denotes some specific
quantity or amount considered as a whole,
the verb is generally singular.
Example
20 km is a long walk.
We may use either a gerund or an infinitive
as subject:
Example
Riding a bicycle is an exciting adventure to
a five-year-old.
To go by train all the way now costs rather a lot
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General English
LIKE
Like, along with an infinitive means that
something is good and with a gerund it
means to enjoy.
I like to check my accretes.
I like singing in the bathroom
GO ON
The phrasal verb along with an infinitive
means to do something different.
The teacher spare about concepts and went
on to give a practical demonstration of how
it works
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I am ashamed to tell my marks in English
I am ashamed of getting such low marks in
English
I am ashamed because I have got poor
marks
USED TO
We used to play cricket when we were in
the college.
We are used to getting up early in the
morning (accustomed to, familiar with)
NEED
My shoes need cleaning (need to be cleaned)
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•
He was asked to keep quite but he went on
interrupting the speaker
(Go on doing: To continue doing)
AFRAID: (Afraid to do, doesn’t want to do)
• He is afraid to climb the ladder (does not
want to climb)
• He is afraid of falling down (afraid because
he might fall down)
ASHAMED: Ashamed to tell
I don’t want to tell as I am ashamed
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I need to clean my shoes (must clean my shoes)
TRY
I’m trying to run this computer program
(try to do something)
I tried clicking on the box, but it doesn’t
work ( try doing something)
MEAN
I think Shiva meant to break that glass
(Means to do something)
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