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Ping Wichayarat 11-6 Spanish Portfolio bilabial labiodenta dental alveolar postalveola retroflex pabtal velar l r stop p t nasal m n trill r tap and flab ɾ fractive β f θð kg ɲ s XY ͡ tʃ affricate Approximan t J lateral Approximan t l ʎ Simple words Complex words Create – crear Someone - alguien Speak - hablar Everything - todo Walk - caminar Always – siempre Voy a la biblioteca I go to Vi una gran águila The library I saw Yo probable a ser un pájaro I likely to be a bird a big eagle Ping Wichayarat 11-6 Free bound Want - querer Meaningful – significativo (Meaning – significado) Eat - comer Careless – descuidado (care – cuidado) Hate - odio Unsatisfaction – insatisfacción (Satisfaction satisfacción) Spanish language always end the words with -s- if the sentence want to tell us that is plural such as dog - perro (dogs - perros) and the word ending with a, e, i, o, u will have s for plural but another word without a, e, i, o, u will have es for plural instead such as flower – flor (flowers – flores) Morphemes for past tense Almost every word will change which has i compound in the word of past tense such as I see – veo (I saw - vi), I eat – yo como(I ate - comi), I feel – me siento (I felt - senti) Front Back Close u i ɪ ʊ o e æ ɜ Open ʌ ɐ ɑ̈ Ɔ Española has 12 vowels sounds which are i, ɪ, e, æ, ɜ, ʌ, u, ʊ, o, ɐ, ɑ̈, ɑ, ɔ and it has almost the same vowels sounds as English but the some sound such as ɔ which English doesn’t have. Example of idioms in Spanish 1. “Echar agua al mar” that means “to throw water into the sea” and it’s very common in Spanish 2. “Tiene más lana que un borrego” translates as “he has more wool than a lamb,” Ping Wichayarat 11-6 3. “Se me hace agua la boca” is a common Spanish idiom translated as “it makes my mouth water,” meaning that an item of food or a meal is so delicious it makes the saliva flow in a person’s mouth. Reference: http://www.fluentu.com/spanish/blog/spanish-idioms/ How old is your language It is an early form of the Spanish language that was spoken on the Iberian Peninsula from the 10th century until roughly the beginning of the 15th century, before a consonantal readjustment gave rise to the evolution of modern Spanish. What other language are similar to Spanish It has similarity to English that the subject comes first and then verb comes after and then adjective, if the sentence has. Where do the loanwords in Spanish come from? Spanish mainly loan from Portuguese or Italian to make a word, but English has borrowing a lot of loanwords from Spanish such as chocolate from chocolate that means hot water in Spanish Example of the loanwords Canyon from cañón meaning "a pipe, tube, gorge" from cano, "tube;" ultimately from Latin canna meaning "reed." Amigo from Spanish and/or Portuguese amigo, "friend"; from Latin amicus meaning "friend," derived from amare (to love). Cowboy from Spanish vaquero, an individual who managed cattle while mounted on horseback, from vaca, "cow", from Latin vacca English Translation English word order He speaks with a dog Él habla con un perro He speaks with a dog I am looking at the mountain Estoy buscando enla montana I am looking at the mountain She’ll always be the in first place Ella siempre será el primero en su lugar She will always be the first place I am the one who loves you Yo soy el que te ama I am the one who loves you Ping Wichayarat 11-6 He eats dog with his friend Él come perro con su amigo He eats dog with his friend He does not like the way he looked No le gusta la forma en que miraba He does not like the way he looked She eats dog with her Ella come perro con friend su amiga She eats dog with her friend The big black woman eats pizza La gran mujer negro come la pizza The large black woman eating pizza The green tomatoes mean rotten Los tomates verdes significan podrida The tomatoes green mean rotten He Jumps into the hole Él salta en el agujero He jumps in the hole He killed a dog behind the big tree Mató a un perro detrás del gran árbol He killed a dog behind the big tree Explanation Phrase Structure Rules S = NP+VP NP = det + N N = adj. + N. N = N + adj. VP = V + NP + (NP) VP = VP + PP VP = VP + adv. PP = P + NP Most of the syntax and PSR is mostly as same as English but some of the English word is not have in Spanish one such speak which translate from Spanish into English as talk mean the word describe have less than English and the word will in Spanish will use as the same. As well, the preposition word is also have less than English such into and in Spanish use as the same word and sometimes there’re not have a preposition word when translate back from Spanish to English. And sometimes the word I Spanish doesn’t need the subject in the Ping Wichayarat 11-6 Ella(she) come(eats) perro(dog) con(with) su(her) amiga(friend) S NP N VP VP Ella V PP NP come P NP perro con adj. N su amiga Él(he) habla(speaks) con(with) un(a) perro(dog) S NP N VP VP El PP V habla P NP con adj. N un perro Los(the) tomates(tomatoes) verdes(green) significan(mean) podrida(rotten) S NP VP adj. N los V N adj. siginifican NP podrida tomates verdes Geographical Distribution Spanish is the primary language of 20 countries worldwide. It is estimated that the combined total number of Spanish speakers is between 470 and 500 million, making it the second most widely spoken language in terms of native speakers. Spanish is the third most spoken language by total number of speakers (after Mandarin and English). Internet usage statistics for 2007 show Spanish as the third most commonly used language on the Internet, after English and Mandarin. Phonetic and phonological variation Ping Wichayarat 11-6 I got a primary resource from the website that he said he’s a native Spanish speaker which and he explain that Mexicans speaker is tend to sing their sentences, and sound completely different, while the Spain Spanish speak without stressing words. He said Mexican the pronounce of c is sound like s, when the Spain Spanish pronounce it as th in English, and there’s also the same difference between 2 language is the way Mexican say j is sound like h, and Spain Spanish say it very strong. Morphological Variation The morphological variation, for example the suffix "-ote" is commonly used in Mexico as the augmentative ending to making nouns bigger, larger, more powerful, etc. For example, the word "camión" by itself literally means "bus" but while adding the suffix, camionzote means "big or long bus". Although it can be repeated just as in the case of the suffix "-ito" and "-ísimo", therefore camionzotototote means "very very very big bus”. Lexical Variation Spain: Comer manzanas es un placer. (Literal: To eat apples is a pleasure.) (Interpretation: Eating apples is a pleasure.) Latin America: Comiendo manzanas es un placer. (Literal: Eating apples is a pleasure.) The source is primary because of Mexican people are the one who explain the different grammar of Mexican Spanish and Liber Spanish. Beginning with the using of Mirar and Ver, which Mexican Mirrar is mean “to say.” For the example, “to watch a movie,” or “to watch TV.” While Spaniards use Ver primarily, because Mirar is usually associated with “not really paying attention while watching.” But he said the example version is sound horrible to him, because in the Dominican Republic they say: "Bailar es divertido." and "Ver televisión." But some Spanish speakers say "mirar la televisión" but he never heard a native speaker from Spain or Mexican say something like "Comiendo manzanas es divertido." He thinks the example must be confused of the person who question. Syntactical Variation The sentence structure is generally as same as English that subject-verb-object, although variations are common. The language is a null-subject which means it allows subject pronouns no needed in the sentence when they are pragmatically unnecessary. Subject and verb is not required in the questions. Reference: http://www.altalang.com/beyond-words/2008/11/13/10-spanish-dialects-how-spanishis-spoken-around-the-world/ https://www.englishforums.com/English/WhatDifferenceAccentBetweenSpain-Mexico/ bkmgn/post.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_Spanish Ping Wichayarat 11-6 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language#Grammar http://forum.wordreference.com/showthread.php?t=131554