Download 5 Lecture (Bacteria Ch27)

Domains Bacteria and Archaea
Chapter 27
Bacteria
Small, no nucleus, circular chromosome,
peptidoglycan cell wall.
1. Morphology: Cocci, Bacilli, Vibrio, Spirilla,
Spirochetes.
2. Peptidoglycan, Gram+/-, Glycocalyx
3. Endospores
4. Flagella
5. Conjugation, Transformation, Transduction
6. Aerobic/anaerobic respiration
7. Symbiosis
Achraea
Prehistoric Extremophiles:
1. Thermophiles (Archaea)
2. Barophiles
3. Halophiles
4. Acidophiles
5. Methanogens (Archaea)
Bacteria
Smaller than Eukaryotes
No Nucleus
Circular vs Linear Chromosome(s)
No Membrane-Bound Organelles
No Membrane-Bound Organelles
Reproduction
SPECIES?
Cell Wall
a. Cell Wall
(Peptidoglycan)
b. Two cell membranes
(periplasmic space)
MORPHOLOGY
Cell Shape
• Round: Coccus
• Rod: Bacillus
• Comma: Vibrio
• Spirillum
• Spirochete
Staphylococcus Aureus
Cell Shape
• Round: Coccus
• Rod: Bacillus
• Comma: Vibrio
• Spirillum
• Spirochete
Streptococcus mutans
Cell Shape
• Round: Coccus
• Rod: Bacillus
• Comma: Vibrio
• Spirillum
• Spirochete
Bacillus anthracis
Cell Shape
• Round: Coccus
• Rod: Bacillus
• Comma: Vibrio
• Spirillum
• Spirochete
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Cell Shape
• Round: Coccus
• Rod: Bacillus
• Comma: Vibrio
• Spirillum
• Spirochete
Clostridium botulinum
Cell Shape
• Round: Coccus
• Rod: Bacillus
• Comma: Vibrio
• Spirillum
• Spirochete
Clostridium botulinum
Cell Shape
• Round: Coccus
• Rod: Bacillus
• Comma: Vibrio
• Spirillum
• Spirochete
Clostridium tetani
Cell Shape
• Round: Coccus
• Rod: Bacillus
• Comma: Vibrio
• Spirillum
• Spirochete
Vibrio cholerae
Cell Shape
• Round: Coccus
• Rod: Bacillus
• Comma: Vibrio
• Spirillum
• Spirochete
Helicobacter pylori
Cell Shape
• Round: Coccus
• Rod: Bacillus
• Comma: Vibrio
• Spirillum
• Spirochete
Treponema pallidum
Cell Shape
• Round: Coccus
• Rod: Bacillus
• Comma: Vibrio
• Spirillum
• Spirochete
Cell Shape
• Round: Coccus
• Rod: Bacillus
• Comma: Vibrio
• Spirillum
• Spirochete
Cell Wall: Peptidoglycan
Cell Wall: Peptidoglycan
Cell Wall: Peptidoglycan
Cell Wall: Peptidoglycan
Cell Wall: Peptidoglycan
Cell Wall: Peptidoglycan
Glycocalyx (Slime Layer)
Toxins
Endotoxins: Part of the outer membrane of
Gram- bacteria. Released if bacteria dies and
falls apart! (ie-LPS, septic shock)
Endotoxins: toxins produced by bacteria and
exported into the environment. (ie-BOTOX)
Clostridium botulinum
Endospores (starvation)
Endospores (starvation)
ANTHRAX
Motility: Flagellum
Motility: Flagellum
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•
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Monotrichous
Lophotrichous
Amphitrichous
Peritrichous
Adhesion: Fimbria (Fimbriae)
Adhesion: Pilus
Genetics: Haploid, Circular
Genetics: Plasmids, R Factors
Genetics: Conjugation, F+, Hfr
Genetics: Conjugation, F+, Hfr
Genetics: Conjugation, F+, Hfr
Genetics: Transduction
Genetics: Transformation
Passive uptake of DNA
• Linear DNA (‘homologous recombination’)
• Plasmid DNA
Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration
Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration
Metabolism: Anerobic Respiration
Metabolism:
• Obligate Aerobes
• Facultative Anaerobes
• Obligate Anaerobes (pathogens)
Extremophiles:
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Thermophiles
Barophiles
Halophiles
Acidophiles
Methanogens
Archaea:
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•
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Thermophiles
Barophiles
Halophiles
Acidophiles
Methanogens
Archaea:
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Thermophiles
Barophiles
Halophiles
Acidophiles
Methanogens
Symbiosis:
• Biofilms (S. mutans)
• Mutualism (E. coli, Vitamin K, nitrogen
fixation)
• Commensualism (S. aureus)
• Parasitism (V. cholerae)
Summary
• Smaller, older than Eukaryotes
• Divide very fast (prolific)
• Single, circular x-some, no nucleus, gene
transfer.
• Classification by morphology
• Aerobic/Anaerobic Respiration (products)
• Symbionts
Summary
• Smaller, older than Eukaryotes
• Divide very fast (prolific)
• Single, circular x-some, no nucleus, gene
transfer.
• Classification by morphology
• Aerobic/Anaerobic Respiration (products)
• Symbionts
Summary
Exercises!
After the break
Match the Microbe
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Bacillus anthracis
j. Treponema pallidum
Clostridium botulinum k. Vibrio cholera
Clostridium tetani
Escherichia coli
Helicobacter pylori
Lactobacillus
acidophilus
g. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
h. Staphylococcus aureus
i. Streptococcus mutans
Match to the definition
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
Bacillus
Bacteriophage
Coccus
Conjugation
Endospore
Endotoxin
Exotoxin
Fimbria
Flagellum
LPS
Peptidoglycan
l. Pilus
m. Plasmid
n. Vibrio
o. Spirillum
p. Spirochete
q. Staphylo
r. Strepto
s. Transduction
t. Transformation
Match to the definition
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Acidophile
Aerobic
Amphitrichous
Anaerobic
Barophile
Commensualism
Fermentation
Halophile
Lophotrichous
j. Monotrichous
k. Mutualism
l. Obligate aerobe
m. Obligate anaerobe
n. Parastism
o. Peritrichous
p. Thermophile
Quiz Questions
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Name for a round bacterium.
Name for a rod-shaped bacterium.
Name for a comma-shaped bacterium.
Name for a spiral shaped bacterium with
many bends.
• Name for a spiral shaped bacterium with only
a few bends.
• Name for a cluster of round bacteria.
Quiz Questions
• Name for a chain of round bacteria.
• Gram Stain term used to describe a
bacterium with a thick cell wall.
• Name for a type of symbiosis where both the
symbiont and the host benefit.
• Name for a type of symbiosis where the
symbiont benefits the host doesn’t.
• Name for a long, whip-like tail that bacteria
use to swim.
Quiz Questions
• Name for a small, circular piece of DNA that
bacteria use as an ‘accessory chromosome.’
• Term used to describe a type of energy
generation that consumes oxygen.
• Term used to describe a type of energy
generation that does not consume oxygen.