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Alexander the Great conquered Greece, Egypt, Persia, and got all the way to the Indus River. Responsible for the spread of Greek culture. Asoka Ruler in India who helped spread Buddhism by creating pillars with Buddhist sayings. Battle of Tours Charles Martel stops the Muslim expansion at this battle. Buddhism religion started by Siddhartha Gautama. Follows the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path. Confucianism Chinese philosophy that includes respect for elders and ancestor worship. Practiced by the Han Dynasty Daoism/ Taoism Chinese philosophy that emphasizes natural balance. Draco and Solon tyrants in Athens Eastern Orthodox/ Greek Orthodox Christianity centered in Constantinople; headed by the patriarch; uses Greek in liturgy; uses icons Erasmus Northern Renaissance writer who wrote Praise of Folly. Ferdinand and Isabella Ruled Spain in the Middle Ages. Drove the Moors out of Spain. Financed Christopher Columbus' voyage. Feudalism political system where people exchange land and other services for protection Five Pillars of Islam Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, Pilgrimage (Hajj) Gutenberg Made the printing press and is responsible for printing the Gutenberg Bible. How did the Gupta contribute to the Silk Roads? They served as middle men. They opened banks and allowed for lines of credit. Humanism Philosophy of the Renaissance that celebrates the individual and is inspired by Greek and Roman works Hundred Years' War Fought between French and English from mid 1300s to mid 1400s. French eventually won. Islam religion founded by Muhammad, monotheistic, follows Five Pillars Judaism monothestic religion founded by Abraham. Scriptures include the Torah (Old Testament) and the Ten Commandments. It spread through exile and diaspora. Legalism Chinese philosophy that emphasizes strict rules and strict punishments. This was practiced by the Qin Dynasty. Leonardo da Vinci Italian Renaissance artist, scientist, inventor, etc who created art such as the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper Manor System/ Manorialism the economic system where people exchange land for protection Michelangelo Italian Renaissance artist who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and sculpted the statue of David. Paul Never met Jesus but was responsible for the spread of Christianity. Peloponnesian War War between Athens and Sparta. Sparta wins but Greece is overall weaker. Persian Wars War between Greece and Persia. Includes the Battles of Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis. Athens wins and launches their Golden Age Peter Apostle and the First Bishop of Rome (Pope). Phoenicians a seafaring people of southwest Asia, who around 1100 B.C. began to trade and established colonies throughout the Mediterranean region. Developed the phonetic alphabet which served as the foundation for the Greek alphabet as well as ours today. Pope Urban II Pope who started the Crusades with his speech. Punic Wars Raphael 3 wars between Carthage and Rome. Rome wins which helps expand their territory and gives them control of the Mediterranean. Italian Renaissance artist who painted School of Athens. Republic Results of the Plague a government in which citizens rule through elected representatives. This was used in ancient Rome. The US incorporated this into democracy where citizens vote for representatives who later vote on legislation. 1) Decline in population 2) Scarcity of labor 3) Towns freed from feudal obligations 4)Decline of Church Influence 5) Disruption of trade Roman Catholic Church centered in Rome; headed by the Pope; Latin used in liturgy; priests take a vow of celibacy Shia Followers of Islam who believe that the caliph should be a relative of Muhammad. Shintoism Ancient Japanese religion that was later incorporated with Buddhism. Silk Roads System of trade routes that connected China with Rome through India. Sir Thomas More Northern Renaissance writer who wrote Utopia Spread of the Renaissance started in Italy in the 1300s and moved north through the rest of Europe Sunni The Prince Followers of Islam who did not object to the Umayyad's rule. Do not believe the caliph should be a descendant of Muhammad. A book by Machiavelli. This book supports the absolute power of a ruler. Trans-Saharan Trade Route Trade route that crossed the Sahara Desert and connected West Africa to the Mediterranean. What caused the fall of Rome Moral decay, constant civil war, too big to defend, defense costly, inflation, hired mercenaries were not loyal to Rome, lack of discipline in the military, weak rulers, and the Germanic Invasions caused by the invading Huns. What caused the Sunni-Shia split? Death of Ali (murder) What civilization claimed to be the "third Rome"? Russia What cultures make up the blend in Hellenistic culture? Indian, Egyptian, Greek (and Persian) What did the Chinese influence in Japan? writing, architecture, Buddhism (religion) What did the Chinese trade? Paper, silk, porcelain What is the Magna Carta? Document drawn up by the nobles and signed by King John during the Middle Ages. It was important because it limited the king's power. What led to the spread of Christianity? popularity of message, early martyrs, apostles What led to the spread of Judaism? Exile and diaspora What was Humanism philosophy of the Renaissance. It focused on expressing the reality of humanity and human nature in art and literature. What was Justianian's Code? Law code drawn up by a panel chosen by Justinian. They used Roman law as the basis for this code. What was the state religion in the Persian Empire? Zoroastrianism What was traded in Africa? Gold and Salt What were the major accomplishments of the Byzantines? Built the Hagia Sophia. Preserved GrecoRoman culture. Justinian's Code; Religious mosaics Who was Petrarch? Italian Renaissance writer famous for writing sonnets.