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Practice Test 4 7 Grade Earth Science and Chemistry Lectures 19 & 20: Erosional and Depositional Features th 1. The process by which natural forces move weathered rock and soil from one place to another is called ______________________. 2. The process of breaking down that material is called _____________________. 3. The removal of rocks downhill is called ______________________. 4. The most destructive type of mass movement, which is typically due to oversteepening of slopes, is called a _____________________. 5. ________________ are fast-moving downhill movements which are composed of up to 60% water; they are called “liquefied flows.” 6. A sudden “slip” of soil and rock downhill that goes a very short distanced is called a __________________. 7. VERY slow movement downhill is called ________________. 8. The amount of sediment that a river is carrying is called its ______________. 9. Small grooves in the soil formed by runoff are called _______________; as they grow larger, they become ______________. 10. Rivers erode into mountains forming valleys that are ____-shaped. 11. Glaciers later come through those same valleys and change them into ______-shaped valleys. 12. A bend in the course of a river is called a ___________________. 13. When the bend is “abandoned” by the river during a flooding event, the water left behind is called an ____________. 14. A wide, sloping deposit of sediment that forms where a stream leaves a mountain range is called an ___________________. 15. Where a river enters the sea, there is a fan-shaped deposit of sediment called a _____________, named after the Greek letter of similar shape. 16. Water stored in rocks beneath us is called ___________________. 17. A particular body of rock which is a source of water for a given area is called an ______________. 18. The top of the water reservoir described in Question 17 is called the __________________. 19. In wet regions where there are limestone deposits, and therefore sinkholes and caves, we say that there is _____________ topography. 20. In general, as the slope increases, the water speed _________________. 21. As the speed of water increases, the ability to erode ________________. 22. As the speed of water increases, its ability to carry large particles ______________. 23. The deeper and narrower a river channel is, the _____________ the amount of erosion that takes place. 24. Larger volume tends to correlate with ____________ ability to erode and carry large particles. 25. A large mass of ice that has movement in a definite direction over land is called a ______________. 26. Glaciers that cover millions of square kilometers are called _______________ glaciers. 27. Glaciers that are confined to mountain valleys are called _____________ glaciers. 28. The process in which small and large rocks are picked up from the earth and incorporated into the base of the glacier is called _________________. 29. Glacial sediment, which is generally a mix of very poorly sorted sediments, is called _____________. 30. When glaciers carve away at all sides of a mountain, leaving a sharpened peak in the center, it is called a ______________. 31. A bowl-shaped hollow that has been eroded into the upper side of a mountain by a glacier is called a _______________. 32. A sharp ridge created when two glaciers erode back-to-back is called an _____________. 33. A deep inlet of the sea formed by glaciers is called a ______________. 34. A mound or ridge of poorly sorted rock debris that is “plowed up” by a glacier along its front or sides is called a _______________. 35. Tear-drop shaped mounds of till are called __________________. 36. Large rocks stranded by melting glaciers are called __________________. 37. A portion of the shoreline that juts outward into the ocean and receives most of the energy of incoming waves is called a _________________. 38. Hollows carved out of a sea cliff by waves are called _______________. 39. When two of the features described in question 38 erode back-to-back, they form a ________________. 40. Sediment that accumulates where the ocean meets land forms a _______________. 41. Sediment on a beach is moved constantly by a process called __________________; it forms as the incoming wave, or _________, comes in at an angle and the outgoing wave, or _________________, goes out perpendicular to the shoreline. 42. A beach that projects like a finger out into the sea is called a ___________. 43. An island that forms offshore, parallel to the beach, and is above sea level is called a ___________________. 44. The process by which wind removes surface materials, leaving larger particles behind, is called ___________________. 45. Extremely fine-grained, wind-blown sediment that is deposited across large areas of land is called ___________________.