Download Weather and Wind Name Test Date

Weather and Wind Name _________________________________ Test Date ___________________ How does the Sun warm Earth? 1. Sunlight strikes Earth with the most vertical angle at the _________________________________. 2. An area near the _________________________________ receives less energy from sunlight than an area of the same size near the _________________________________. What are the layers of the atmosphere? 3. When energy from the Sun hits the Earth, 50 percent is absorbed by _________________________________, and 20 percent is absorbed or reflected by _________________________________. 4. Particles of gas in the air pressing on Earth’s surface create a force called _________________________________. 5. What is the lowest layer of the atmosphere called? _________________________________ 6. Why is the troposphere so important? _________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What is the layer above the troposphere called? _________________________________ 8. Why is the stratosphere important? __________________________________________________________________ 9. List the layers of the atmosphere: What changes air pressure? 10. Atmospheric pressure decreases as altitude _________________________________. 11. As humidity increases, air pressure _________________________________. 12. Which weighs more, warm or cold air? _________________________________ 13. What causes the weather to change? ____________________________________________________________ 14. What type of weather should we expect if the barometer is rising? _________________________________ 15. What type of weather should we expect if the barometer is falling? _________________________________ What are global winds? 16. A wind that blows steadily in a predictable direction over long distances is called a _________________________________. 17. Winds that blow between 30o North and 30o South latitudes are called _________________________________. 18. Air pressure near the equator is _________________________________ than air pressure near the poles, a fact that causes air to move from the _________________________________ toward the _________________________________. 19. Winds that blow south from the North Pole curve to the _________________________________ because of the _________________________________. What are local winds? 20. What causes local winds to blow? ___________________________________________________________________________________ 21. During the day, the Sun heats land more quickly than it heats water, so a _________________________________ blows; during the night, water cools more slowly than land does, so a _________________________________ blows. 22. In the morning, valley breezes blow _________________________________; in the afternoon, mountain breezes blow _________________________________. How do we measure air pressure and wind? 23. Air pressure is measured with a _________________________________; Humidity is measured with a _________________________________; wind speed is measured with an _________________________________; wind direction is measured with a _________________________________. ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ What are highs and low? 24. Areas on a weather map that have the same air pressure are connected with lines called ________________________. 25. Low pressure systems bring _________________________________ weather; high pressure systems bring _________________________________ weather. What are air masses and fronts? 26. An _________________________________ is a large region of the atmosphere in which air has similar properties throughout. 27. Air masses meet at a _________________________________, the boundary between two air masses. 28. When a cold, dry, air mass meets a warm, moist, air mass, the cold air pushes the warm air _________________________________, producing _________________________________ weather. 29. When it is warm and humid, _________________________________ weather will most likely follow. 30. Almost all weather fronts in North America are pushed from west to east by the _________________________________. What do weather maps tell you? 31. On a weather map, blue triangles on a line represent a _________________________________; read half-­‐circles on a line represent a _________________________________. These symbols show _________________________________ and _________________________________ of weather patterns. 32. To make weather maps, meteorologists collect and analyze data such as _________________________________, _________________________________, and _________________________________. Weather and Wind Name _________________________________ Test Date ___________________ How does the Sun warm Earth? 1. Sunlight strikes Earth with the most vertical angle at the equator. 2. An area near the poles receives less energy from sunlight than an area of the same size near the equator. What are the layers of the atmosphere? 3. When energy from the Sun hits the Earth, 50 percent is absorbed by Earth’s surface and 20 percent is absorbed or reflected by the atmosphere. 4. Particles of gas in the air pressing on Earth’s surface create a force called air pressure. 5. What is the lowest layer of the atmosphere called? troposphere 6. Why is the troposphere so important? Where most of Earth’s weather occurs 7. What is the layer above the troposphere called? stratosphere 8. Why is the stratosphere important? Contains the ozone layer 9. List the layers of the atmosphere: What changes air pressure? 10. Atmospheric pressure decreases as altitude increases. 11. As humidity increases, air pressure decreases. 12. Which weighs more, warm or cold air? Cold air 13. What causes the weather to change? Changes in air pressure 14. What type of weather should we expect if the barometer is rising? Fair weather 15. What type of weather should we expect if the barometer is falling? stormy What are global winds? 16. A wind that blows steadily in a predictable direction over long distances is called a global winds. 17. Winds that blow between 30o North and 30o South latitudes are called trade winds. 18. Air pressure near the equator is lower than air pressure near the poles, a fact that causes air to move from the poles toward the equator. 19. Winds that blow south from the North Pole curve to the right because of the Coriolis effect. What are local winds? 20. What causes local winds to blow? Temperature and air pressure differences. 21. During the day, the Sun heats land more quickly than it heats water, so a sea breeze blows; during the night, water cools more slowly than land does, so a land breeze blows. 22. In the morning, valley breezes blow upward in the afternoon, mountain breezes blow downward. How do we measure air pressure and wind? 23. Air pressure is measured with a barometer Humidity is measured with a hygrometer; wind speed is measured with an anemometer; wind direction is measured with a weather vane. barometer hygrometer anemometer weather vane What are highs and low? 24. Areas on a weather map that have the same air pressure are connected with lines called isobars. 25. Low pressure systems bring warm and stormy weather; high pressure systems bring dry and cool weather. What are air masses and fronts? 26. An air mass is a large region of the atmosphere in which air has similar properties throughout. 27. Air masses meet at a front the boundary between two air masses. 28. When a cold, dry, air mass meets a warm, moist, air mass, the cold air pushes the warm air upward producing stormy weather. 29. When it is warm and humid, stormy weather will most likely follow. 30. Almost all weather fronts in North America are pushed from west to east by the jet stream. What do weather maps tell you? 31. On a weather map, blue triangles on a line represent a cold front; read half-­‐circles on a line represent a warm front. These symbols show direction and location of weather patterns. 32. To make weather maps, meteorologists collect and analyze data such as temperature, wind speed, and air pressure.