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12/1/2015 Essential Question What led to secession and war, and how did the Civil War forever change the nation and South Carolina? How did strategies of the Union and the Confederacy differ at the beginning of the Civil War? CHAPTER 5 LESSON 1 A Nation Divided Southern States Secede The Debate Over Secession Within a month of Lincoln’s election South Carolina ratified its Ordinance of Secession. Four days later, state leaders drafted “The Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union.” South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union. Secessionists Cooperationists Unionists How did each of these groups view secession? Why do you think people celebrated the secession? The Union Dissolved What was the purpose of this document? How did it justify secession? Secession meeting in Charleston 1 12/1/2015 The War Begins In February 1861 six southern states formed a new country— country the Confederate States of America with Jefferson Davis as president. Fort Sumter was a Union fort in Confederate territory. Lincoln sent a letter to the Confederacy announcing plans to send a supply ship to the fort. Confederate leaders told Lincoln the ship would not be allowed to dock, but Lincoln sent it anyway. The Confederates demanded that Fort Sumter surrender and when it did not, the Confederates opened fire on the fort, signaling the start of the Civil War. Secession Expands Virginia joins Confederacy within days of attack on Ft. Sumter. Three more states join within two months, bringing total to 11 Confederate states versus 23 Union states. Four slaveholding southern states (border states) remain in Union—Maryland, Union Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri. Military Strategies The Union’s Anaconda Plan How did the two sides compare? Which side do you think had more significant advantages? How so? ThreeThree-part plan to destroy the South 1) Blockade the entire southern coastline. 2) Gain control of the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in two. 3) Capture the Confederate capital in Richmond, Virginia. How would each of these three parts to the plan help the Union achieve its goal and win the war? 2 12/1/2015 Military Strategies The South’s Defensive War Repel a Union invasion Break the Union naval blockade Win foreign support with “Cotton Diplomacy.” Attack and possibly capture the Union capital at Washington, DC. What was meant by “Cotton Diplomacy”? From which foreign countries did the Confederacy seek support? Why did foreign intervention never materialize? 3