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Cross section of a volcano Some new key words volcanoes - Volcano Vent Secondary cone Lava Dormant Eruption Volcanic dust - Volcanic ash Magma chamber Volcanic gas Cone Crater Active Extinct What is a volcano? • A volcano is an opening in the Earths crust known as a vent. Magma from inside the earth is forced out and erupts as lava, ash, gas, and dust. When these materials are forced through the vent is causes an eruption. How do volcanoes form? Volcano erupts Volcano builds up Volcano formed Gas, ash, dust crater Secondary cone Lava Layers of ash and lava con e Main vent Magma chamber Gas, ash, dust crate r Lava Secondary cone Layers of ash and lava Main vent Magma chamber Activities: a) Complete activity 2 on p133 - clearly and well labelled. b) For each of the following terms write a definition into your book using page 132 and the glossary: volcano, mud flow, pyroclastic flow, volcanologist c) Explain the difference between lava and magma. Label this cross section of a volcano Volcanic bombs, ash, lava, gases Magma chamber Parasitic cone Crater Main vent Cross section of a volcano Crater Volcanic bombs, ash and gases Parasitic cone Main vent Magma chamber Volcanic emissions Volcanic emissions Why do they happen? A destructive plate boundary is found where a continental plate meets an oceanic plate. The oceanic plate descends under the continental plate because it is denser. As the plate descends it starts to melt due to the friction caused by the movement between the plates. This melted plate is now hot, liquid rock (magma). The magma rises through the gaps in the continental plate. If it reaches the surface, the liquid rock forms a volcano. Destructive plate boundary Constructive plate boundary Volcano shapes Why do volcanoes have different shapes? Volcano shapes