Download The Formation of Western Europe

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CHAPTER
CHAPTER TEST
14
Date _____________________
The Formation of Western Europe
Form A
Part 1: Main Ideas
Write the letter of the best answer. (4 points each)
______ 1. What was the chief goal of the Crusades?
a. to spread Christianity throughout Europe, Asia, and Africa
b. to recover Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks
c. to improve trade among Europe, Asia, and Africa
d. to force the Byzantines to become Catholics
______ 2. What problem was identified by Church reformers during the Middle Ages?
a. Village priests married and had families contrary to Church law.
b. Bishops sold positions in the Church for money.
c. Kings, rather than Church leaders, appointed bishops.
d. All of the above are true.
______ 3. What was the effect of the three-field system?
a. Farners produced more food and villagers had more to eat.
b. Farmers could grow crops on one-half of their land.
c. Farmer could let their ground lie fallow over the winter.
d. Farmers could grow crops on one-third of their land.
______ 5. What did the Magna Carta guarantee?
a. the end of taxation
b. a model parliament
c. basic legal rights
d. a House of Commons
______ 6. What was the major cause of the Great Schism?
a. the morality of the Crusades
b. ethics and wealth within the Church
c. arguments about whether Jesus or the pope was the head of the Church
d. arguments about which man holding the position of pope was the true pope
______ 7. What was the name of the legislative body of medieval England?
a. Inquisition
c. Estates General
b. parliament
d. royal courts of justice
______ 8. During the later Middle Ages, where were most serfs likely to search for freedom?
a. farms
c. towns or cities
b. monasteries
d. the Holy Land
220 UNIT 3, CHAPTER 14
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______ 4. Which of the following best describes the nature of a guild?
a. workers who used gold leaf to decorate palaces
b. merchants who sold specially woven cloth at local fairs
c. traders who carried local goods to other regions
d. an association of people who worked at the same occupation
Name ____________________________________________________
Test Form A continued
______ 9. Which group was most responsible for the spread of the bubonic plague to Europe?
a. invaders
c. traders
b. Crusaders
d. French soldiers
______ 10. Which of the following was the central issue of the Hundred Years’ War?
a. the throne of France
b. the throne of England
c. the location of the pope’s home
d. the religion of the French people
Part 2: Map Skills
Use the map to choose the best possible answer. (4 points each)
Routes of Two Crusaders
ENGLAND
London
Bruges
FRANCE
HUNGARY
HUNGARY
0˚ Prime Meridian
Genoa
Marseille
SERBIA
Corsica
Rome
Black Sea
BULGARIA
Adrianople
Constantinople
KINGDOM
Sardinia
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Me
di
te
r
OF
SICILY
SICILY
ra
n e
a n
Christian lands
Muslim lands
0
Kingdoms established
by the Crusaders
0
Robert of Flanders,
First Crusade, 1096–1099
40˚N
BYZANTINE
BYZANTINE
EMPIRE
SELJUK TURKS
Edessa
Antioch
Cyprus
S e a
Crete
300 Miles
TTripoli
ripoli
Jerusalem
600 Kilometers
Richard I of England,
Third Crusade, 1189–1191
40˚E
Lisbon
______ 11. From which city did Robert of Flanders begin his Crusade?
a. London
b. Jerusalem
c. Bruges
d. Tripoli
______ 12. What was the final destination of both Crusades?
a. Antioch
b. Edessa
d. Jerusalem
c. Tripoli
______ 13. Which cities did both Crusades pass through?
a. Genoa and Tripoli
b. Marseille and Constantinople
c. Jerusalem and Constantinople
d. Genoa and Rome
The Formation of Western Europe
221
Name ____________________________________________________
Test Form A continued
______ 14. Which cities did the First Crusade pass through?
a. Marseille, Rome, Tripoli
b. Genoa, Rome, Constantinople
c. Lisbon, Genoa, Antioch
d. Genoa, Rome, Edessa
______ 15. Judging from the map, which Mediterranean islands did the Third Crusade stop at
or pass by?
a. Sardinia, Crete, and Corsica
b. Corsica and Cyprus
c. Crete and Cyprus
d. Corsica and Sardinia
Part 3: Document-Based Questions
Introduction
Historical Context: During most of the Middle Ages, the peasants lived a life of hard toil. The
Crusades (1096–1204) stimulated trade between Europe and Southwest Asia. Increased trade
led to prosperity and the growth of towns and cities, founded by merchants and artisans. Great
international trade fairs brought merchants together to exchange goods. As the economy of
Europe gradually improved, the feudal system gradually declined. A hallmark of these changes
was the renewed use of money. Due to advances in farming, the hard lives of peasants and serfs
began to improve. Many ran away from manors to towns and cities in search of a better life.
Task: Discuss the lives of peasants around the time of the Crusades, the effects of prosperity
on medieval society, and people’s attitudes toward these changes.
A. Short Answer
Document 1: Excerpt from Piers Plowman,translated by Terence Tiller
The most needy are our neighbours, if we notice right well,
As prisoners in pits and poor folk in cottages,
Charged with their children, and chief lord’s rent,
What by spinning they save, they spend it in house-hire,
Both in milk and in meal to make a mess of porridge,
To cheer up their children who chafe for their food,
And they themselves suffer surely much hunger. . . .
So ‘tis pity to proclaim or in poetry to show
The woe of these women who work in such cottages;
And of many other men who much woe suffer,
Crippled with hunger and with thirst, they keep up appearances,
And are abashed for to beg, and will not be blazoned
What they need from their neighbours, at noon and at evensong.
16. What characteristic of poor peasants does the poet focus on here?
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Study each document carefully and answer the questions that follow. (4 points each)
Name ____________________________________________________
Test Form A continued
Document 2: Quotation from Juan Ruiz, translated by Rigo A. DiCesare
Money can do much; it should be held in high esteem. It turns a tramp into a respected
and honorable man. . . . The more money a man has, the more worthy he becomes, while
the man who is penniless cannot call himself his own master. If you have money, you can
have luxury, pleasure, and joy. . . . All over the world, money does marvelous things. . . .
Money makes knights out of stupid farmers, counts and noblemen out of peasants. The
man who has money puts on the airs of a gentleman and everybody kisses his hand.
17. What are some of the benefits that money brings to a person according to Ruiz?
_______________________________________________________________________
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Document 3: Picture of a medieval marketplace
Source: Copyright © Bettmann/Corbis
18. Are the majority of people pictured here more like those described in Document 1 or
Document 2? Explain.
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Essay
19. Using information from the documents, your answers to the questions in Part A, and
your knowledge of world history, write an essay that discusses how life in the Middle
Ages provided different experiences for the nobility and wealthy merchants than for
peasants and serfs living on a manor. (8 points)
The Formation of Western Europe
223
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Test Form A continued
Part 4: Extended Response
Answer the following questions on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. (10 points
each)
20. Analyzing Causes What forces brought an end to the Age of Chivalry?
Think about:
• effects of the Hundred Years’ War
• effects of trade
21. Recognizing Effects What were some of the most important effects of the bubonic
plague in Europe?
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Think about:
• people’s attitudes and families
• economic effects
• effects on the Church
224 UNIT 3, CHAPTER 14