Download Print › United States History Total Complete Glossary | Quizlet

United States History Total Complete Glossary
Study online at quizlet.com/_7nrfu
1.
13th Amendment: This amendment legally forbade slavery in
18.
the United States.
2.
3.
from cotton fibers. Now cotton could be processed quickly and
cheaply. Results: more cotton is grown and more slaves are
needed for more acres of cotton fields
14th Amendment: Granted citizenship to all persons born or
naturalized in the U.S. and declared that no state could deprive
any person of life, liberty, or property "without due process of
law".
19.
15th Amendment: This amendment granted black men the right
Abolitionist Movement: Movement in the 18th and 19th
20.
American Revolution: The war between Great Britain and its
American colonies, 1775-83, by which the colonies won their
independence.
6.
21.
Antietam: 1862: The first major battle in the American Civil War
to take place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest single-day
battle in American history, with almost 23,000 casualties. After
this win for the North, Lincoln announced the Emancipation
Proclamation.
8.
Appomattox Court House: Where General Lee
(Confederacy/South) surrendered to General Grant
(Union/North) ending the Civil War.
9.
22.
10.
23.
English Bill of Rights: A 1689 document that guaranteed the
24.
Federalism: A form of government in which power is divided
rights of English citizens.
between the federal, or national, government and the states.
25.
11.
12.
14.
27.
28.
29.
16.
Constitution: The body of fundamental laws setting out the
30.
17.
Constitutional Convention of 1787: Delegates met to revise
the Articles of Confederation, but ultimately decided to write the
Constitution as a replacement.
Gettysburg: Last chance for the Confederacy. The Union won
and Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address which said that all men
were created equal (turning point in war).
31.
Gibbons v. Ogden: Supreme Court decision that ruled that the
Constitution gave control of interstate commerce to the U.S.
Congress, not the individual states.
32.
new country.
principles, structures, and processes of a government
French and Indian War: A conflict in North America from
1754 to 1763 that was part of a worldwide struggle between
France and Britain; Britain defeated France and gained French
Canada
Confederacy(South) from 1861-1865.
Colonization: The movement of settlers and their culture to a
Free Enterprise System: An economic system which includes
economic choice, competition, profit motive, and limited
government regulation of the economy.
Civil War: War between the Union (North) and
15.
Fort Sumter: A federal outpost in Charleston, South Carolina,
that was attacked by the Confederates in April 1861, starting the
Civil War.
Checks and Balances: A system that allows each branch of
government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to
prevent abuse of power.
First Amendment: States that "Congress shall make no law"
restricting freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and
petition.
Boston Tea Party: Protest against British policies in which the
Sons of Liberty boarded British ships and dumped tea into Boston
Harbor in 1773.
13.
26.
Bill of Rights: The first ten amendments of the U.S.
Constitution, containing a list of individual rights and liberties,
such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press.
Federalist Papers: A series of 85 essays written by Hamilton,
Madison, and Jay (using the name "publius") used to convice
readers to adopt the new constitution.
Battle Hymn of the Republic: Written by Julia Ward Howe
for the Union during the Civil War. The hymn became the
unofficial anthem of the Union.
Early Republic: America's early years as a country (17831825). This time period includes the Articles of Confederation
and America's first five Presidents.
Articles of Confederation: Adopted in 1777 during the
Revolutionary War, the Articles established the United States of
America. The Articles granted limited powers to the central
government, reserving most powers for the states. The result was
a poorly defined national state that couldn't govern the country's
finances or maintain stability. The Constitution replaced them in
1789.
Dred Scott v. Sandford: 1857 Supreme Court decision that
stated that slaves were not citizens; that living in a free state or
territory, even for many years, did not free slaves; and declared
the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.
Anti-Federalist: An individual who opposed the ratification of
the new Constitution in 1787. The Anti-Federalists were opposed
to a strong central government.
7.
Declaration of Independence: A 1776 document stating that
the 13 English colonies were a free and independent nation. The
Declaration of Independence was written mostly by Thomas
Jefferson.
centuries that sought to make slavery illegal in the U.S.
5.
Dawes Act: 1887 law that tried to "Americanize" Native
Americans by turning tribal lands into individual farms. In
addition, the law set up schools to "Americanize" Native
American children.
to vote.
4.
Cotton Gin: Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. It removed seeds
Homestead Act: Law passed in 1862, it gave 160 acres of
public land to any settler who would farm the land for five years.
The settler would only have to pay a registration fee of $25.
33.
Hudson River School: A group of American painters of the
mid-19th century whose works are characterized by a highly
romantic treatment of nature.
34.
Immigrant Groups: People who move into a country.
53.
Immigrant groups in America include: British, German, Irish,
Italians, Greeks, Chinese, Japanese, Mexicans, etc.
35.
Indian Removal Act: Law passed in 1830 that forced many
36.
Individual Rights: Basic liberties and rights of all citizens that
37.
Industrialization: Development of a system which supports
South Carolina did not want to pay a new tariff and stated that
states could ignore federal laws that they disagreed with.
54.
Plantation System: Production system using large agricultural
55.
Political Parties: Organized groups that attempt to influence
Native American nations to move west of the Mississippi River
tracts to produce cash crops using slave labor in the Americas
are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.
the machine production of goods.
38.
the government by electing their members to important
government offices.
56.
Popular Sovereignty: People hold the final authority in all
57.
Proclamation of 1763: Act passed by England prohibiting
58.
Radical Reconstruction: Term popularized by anti-
matters of government.
Interchangeable Parts: identical parts that can be used in
place of one another in manufactoring.
39.
colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains
Intolerable Acts: A series of laws set up by Parliament to
punish Massachusetts for its protests against the British.
Nullification Crisis: Crisis that occurred in 1832 and 1833.
Reconstruction Southern Conservatives who opposed the Civil
War Amendments and public schools.
40.
Judicial Review: The right of the Supreme Court to determine if
41.
Lexington and Concord: The first battle of the American
59.
Ratification: Official approval.
Revolution (April 19, 1775).
60.
Reconstruction: (1865-1877) The reorganization and
61.
Reform Movements: A movement intended to bring about
62.
Representative Government: Political system in which voters
a law violates the Constitution.
42.
including all authority figures, must obey the laws.
43.
46.
Revolution: A drastic and far-reaching change in a society.
65.
Saratoga: The decisive early battle of the American Revolution
Marbury v. Madison: 1803 case in which the Supreme Court
Mayflower Compact: 1620 - The first agreement for self-
McCulloch v. Maryland: 1819 Supreme Court decision that
51.
66.
Second Great Awakening: A period of religious evangelism
that began in the 1790s and became widespread throughout the
United States by the 1830s.
67.
Sectionalism: Loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather
than to the nation as a whole.
68.
Separation of Powers: The division of power among the
legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government.
69.
Stamp Act: A 1765 law passed by Parliament that required all
legal and commercial documents to carry an official stamp
showing a tax had been paid.
70.
States' Rights: Idea that the states have certain rights that the
federal government cannot overrule.
71.
Steamboat: A boat that moves by the power of a steam engine,
made it easier and quicker to travel goods
Monroe Doctrine: President Monroe's foreign policy statement
warning European nations not to interfere in Latin America.
72.
Tariffs: Taxes on imported (from other countries) goods.
Morrill Act: Passed by Congress in 1862, this law distributed
73.
Taxation: The right of government to require contribution from
millions of acres of western lands to state governments in order
to fund state agricultural colleges.
52.
that led to the American alliance with France.
Mercantilism: The practice of regulating colonial trade for the
profit of the home country.
50.
in the people and is exercised by their elected representatives.
64.
established the supremacy of the national government over state
governments. In deciding this case, Chief Justice John Marshall
and his colleagues held that Congress had certain implied
powers in addition to the enumerated powers found in the
Constitution.
49.
Republicanism: A form of government in which power resides
right and duty to expand across the continent.
government in America, signed by 41 members of the Plymouth
colony.
48.
63.
Manifest Destiny: The belief that America had the God-given
ruled that it had the power to abolish legislative acts by declaring
them unconstitutional; this power came to be known as judicial
review.
47.
elect representatives to make laws for them.
Magna Carta: This document was signed by King John in 1215.
It was the first document that limited the power of the
government.
45.
social and humanitarian changes.
Louisiana Purchase: 1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory
from France. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US.
44.
rebuilding of the former Confederate states after the Civil War.
Limited Government: In this type of government everyone,
citizens to pay for government services.
74.
the most significant achievements of the Articles of
Confederation. It established a system for setting up governments
in the western territories so they could eventually join the Union
on an equal footing with the original 13 states
Taxation without Representation: The colonists were angry
because they had to pay taxes to England but they did not get to
have a representative in the English Parliament.
Northwest Ordinance: Passed in 1787, it is considered one of
75.
Temperance: Movement that advocated the outlawing
(prohibition) of alcohol.
76.
The Age of Jackson: 1828-1840; Creation of "Jacksonian
Democracy", reform movement that changed American
government & democracy. The "common man" became more
powerful in America.
77.
91.
92.
93.
Virginia and New Jersey Plans, called for an Upper-House
Senate (equal representation) and a lower House of
Representatives (based on population).
80.
81.
82.
Transatlantic Slave Trade: African slaves that were imported
83.
Transcendentalism: A philosophy stressing the relationship
to the Americas starting in the 15th century.
between human beings and nature, spiritual things over material
things, and the importance of the individual conscience.
84.
Transcontinental Railroad: A railroad that connected the
eastern United States with the western United States. The
railroad firmly bonded the West Coast with the Union, created a
trade route to the Far-East, and helped the western expansion.
85.
Treaty of Paris 1783: Treaty between England and the
Colonies, formally ended the American Revolution.
86.
94.
U.S.-Mexican War: This was a war over land between the U.S.
and Mexico in the years 1846 to 1848. The underlying causes
were the spirit of Manifest Destiny making the U.S. want to
annex California and the west coast. The ending event was the
signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. This resulted in the
U.S. becoming larger by a third. Other effects from the war were
the California Gold Rush, stimulation to the spirit of Manifest
Destiny, and priceless field experience for leading Civil War
generals.
87.
Unalienable Rights: Basic human rights that cannot be taken
88.
Urbanization: The movement of people from rural areas to
89.
Valley Forge: The place where Washington kept his army
away or surrendered.
cities
during the winter of 1777-1778. They had to deal with harsh &
cold weather. There, Baron von Steuben trained Washington's
soldiers and made them better.
Westward Expansion: Growth of the United States from
original colonies into new lands west of the Appalachian
Mountains.
95.
Worcester v. Georgia: Supreme Court Decision - Cherokee
Indians were entitled to federal protection from the actions of
state governments which would infringe on the tribe's
sovereignty - Andre Jackson ignored the ruling.
Trail of Tears: The tragic journey of the Cherokee people from
their homeland in Georgia to Indian Territory west of the
Mississippi River. The Trail of Tears occurred between 1838 and
1839 and thousands of Cherokee died.
Washington's Farewell Address: President Washington
decided not to seek reelection in 1796. Near the end of his term he
delivered this address that warned the nation not to get involved
in European affairs, not to make permanent alliances, not to
form political parties, and to avoid sectionalism.
Three-Fifths Compromise: A compromise between Northern
and Southern states that broke the deadlock over how slaves
should be counted for purposes of representation. Three-Fifths of
slaves would be included in population totals, benefiting
Southern states that had the largest concentration of slaves by
inflating their representation in the House of Representatives.
War of 1812: 1812-1814 war between the U.S. and Great Britain
caused by American outrage over the impressment of American
sailors by the British, the British seizure of U.S. ships, and
British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the
western frontier.
The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut: The first written
The Great Compromise: Compromise that combined the
Virginia House of Burgesses: 1619. First elected legilative
assembly in the New World established in the Colony of
Virginia. Served as an early model of elected government in the
New World.
constitution in America. It was written in 1639 and provided for a
Representative Government.
79.
Vicksburg: Battle which gave the Union control of the
Mississippi River.
The Emancipation Proclamation: Document written by
Abraham Lincoln which freed the slaves in the states that were
in rebellion. This changed the reason why the war was fought
from preserving the Union to freeing the slaves.
78.
90.
96.
Yorktown: The last major battle of the American Revolution in
which Charles Cornwallis surrendered to George Washington.