Download 4E continued

Kristin
SI Biology 255
Unit 4E Continued
1. The vocal ligaments attach _________________________ cartilage to ____________________
cartilage.
2. The mucosal folds are also called the “___________________” vocal cords.
3. As air rushes up from the lungs _______________________ are produced, creating sound.
4. Vestibular folds, also called “_______________________” vocal cords, do/do not play a
role in sound production, close/open glottis when swallowing or holding breath.
5. Match the following terms with their descriptors:
_____ Speech
A. depends upon force of air rushing across vocal cords
_____ Pitch
B. resonates, amplifies and enhances sound quality
_____Loudness
C. intermittent release of expired air while opening and
closing the glottis
D. determined by the length and tension of vocal cords
_____Pharynx
6. The flexible and mobile tube extending from the larynx into mediastinum is
called the _______________________. The mucosal layer of the _____________________ contains
____________________ cells and ______________________ ________________________________
epithelium. The submucosal layer contains __________________________ tissue. And the
outermost layer, _____________________, has C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage. What is
the purpose of this cartilage?
7. The Bronchial Tree, consists of four parts, the __________________________,
________________________, ____________________________, __________________________.
8. The Bronchi extend from the carina at the end of the trachea and extends into
both the left and right directions. By the time air has reached this portion of the
lungs it is ________________ and ______________________ of impurities. The bronchi divide to
supply each ________________ of the lungs. Is the tissue of the bronchi more like that of
the trachea of alveoli?
9. The change from the conducting zone to the respiratory zone is defined by the
presence of ___________________. The presence of many sacs in the respiratory zone
increases the ______________________ _________________________ of the lungs, allowing for
more gas exchange.
10. The _________- _________________ barrier is made of a fuse layer called the basal
lamina, which is shared between the _____________________ and _____________________ walls.
11. Alveolar cell walls are composed of one/two layer(s) of epithelium.
12. How is the surface of alveolar ducts is kept sterile?
13. Match the part of the lung to its description:
_____Root
A. narrow superior tip
_____Costal surface
B. site of vascular and bronchial attachments
_____Apex
C. anterior, lateral and posterior surfaces in contact
with ribs
D. cavity accommodating heart
_____ Base
_____ Hilus
_____ Cardiac notch
E. indentation containing pulmonary and systemic
blood vessels
F. inferior surface resting on diaphragm
_____ Left lung
G. 2 lobes
_____ Right lung
H. 3 lobes
14. Which nerve stimulates the inspiratory muscles and diaphragm?
15. During inspiration, the diaphragm, intercostal muscles and inspiratory muscles
contract/relax. Pressure then drops above/below atmospheric pressure? Air
continues to flow until intrapulmonary pressure = atmospheric pressure. What
happens during expiration?
16. Chemoreceptors located at the carotid and aortic vessels detect concentrations
of _________ and ______________ in the blood. The two areas that control respiration are
the ________________________ Respiratory Center and ________________________ Respiratory
Center.
17. What important events take place at birth for a fetus allowing it to exchange
gases on its own?