Download 1st Bull Run- (1 Manassas) JULY 21, 1861 Battle Notes: •Both sides

1st Bull Run- (1st Manassas)
JULY 21, 1861
Battle Notes:
•Both sides were poorly trained
•South won due to superior leadership
•“Stonewall” Jackson turned Union charge back rallying the South to victory
•Union retreated
OUTCOME OF BULL RUN
CONFEDERATE VICTORY
•IMPORTANCE:
–Showed both sides that a quick war would not be possible
–A long and costly war was now expected
BATTLE PLANS
CONFEDERATE PLAN
•Fight a defensive war
•Break the blockade for trade
•Get help from France and Great Britain
•Capture Washington, D.C.
UNION’S BATTLE PLAN - ANACONDA PLAN
• Union planned to blockade the coast of the Confederacy
• Control the Mississippi River
• Control the Ohio River
• Capture Richmond
Navy Notes
Confederacy
•No navy – had to purchase ships from Europe
•Converted sunken ship called Merrimac into first ironclad ship (renamed the Virginia)
Union
•Ironclad named Monitor built to combat the Merrimac
•Eventually had a very large navy (45 ships to over 600 in a few years)
Antietam (Sharpsburg)
MARYLAND-September 17,1862
Battle Notes
•Bloodiest single day of the Civil War
•Lee’s first invasion of the North
•There was no clear winner on the battlefield
•Since Lee retreated back to Virginia, Antietam is considered a Union strategic
victory
Battle Significance
•Confederates did not achieve success invading the North like they did when
defending Virginia in the early years of the war.
•As a follow up to this battle, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation,
which was the first step toward abolishing slavery.
The Emancipation Proclamation
–Went into effect January 1, 1863
–Legally freed slaves in Confederate states
–Made the abolition of slavery an official reason in fighting the war, not just
keeping the Union together
–An effect was that European countries were less likely to become allies with the
Confederacy since the Union was now officially fighting for abolition.