Download Emma Wilson Extra Credit #3 Unit 1: 1. Which of the following does

Emma Wilson
Extra Credit #3
Unit 1:
1. Which of the following does science NOT do:
A. Science proves ideas wrong.
B. Science keeps track of what works and what doesn’t.
C. Science assumes theories are correct based off of the hypothesis.
D. Science tests the structure of knowledge continually.
Science is tested against reality. Science requires observation AND experimentation to
prove something. A hypothesis is an educated guess; answers cannot be found from them.
2. What do geologists primarily study?
A. The Ocean
B. The Animal Kingdom and it’s evolution
C. Stars
D. The Earth and the rocks of which it’s composed
There are many different branches to science. Each of these answers come from different
sectors. Oceanography is the study of the ocean, Ecology is the study of the animal
kingdom, astronomy is the study of the stars, and geology is the study of the earth.
3. Geologists had predicted a hurricane would hit the Gulf of Mexico and warned many
decades prior to Hurricane Katrina.
A. True
B. False
This statement is true. Geologists find out where dangerous areas are and warn people
and real estate developers not to build in these areas, however they often don’t listen.
Perhaps not as much damage would’ve occurred if more people listened to the warnings
of the geologists.
4. Where did most of the mass of dust and gas from the exploded stars go?
A. The mass formed the sun
B. The mass formed the moon
C. The mass disappeared
D. The mass polluted the earth
The exploded stars created gasses and dusts which compressed together, and gravity then
took over. Most of the mass went to form the sun. Gravity squeezed it so much causing
the sun’s hydrogen to fuse and form helium which released energy to create sunlight.
5. It is okay for information to be omitted in a scientific paper.
A. True
B. False
When scientists write papers they submit it to a learned journal where an editor sends the
paper out for peer review. Experts make sure that the paper describes the methods, give
credit and make sure all information is available and stated clearly.
Emma Wilson
Extra Credit #3
Unit 2:
1. Tracks at the Devils Race Track confused people for a long time. What are the tracks
from?
A. A racecar race 50 years ago
B. Dinosaurs
C. Winds blowing ice with rocks frozen in it
D. Plate tectonics
When water freezes on top of the mudflats, the wind will occasionally blow the ice, and
rocks within the ice will be dragged with it. This creates the tracks on the rocks.
2. How was Death Valley formed?
A. Glacier movement
B. A river carved it out
C. A tornado pushed the land apart
D. Pull-apart faults
Death Valley was formed by faults called pull apart faults which caused the valley to
spread wide.
3. Geologically speaking, what is “black smokers?”
A. Underwater volcanoes
B. A cloud of minerals formed of dissolved chemicals
C. A black cloud prior to a rainstorm
D. A dark valley created by fault movement
When water circulates through cracks in the volcanic rocks the chemicals within the
rocks dissolve causing “black smokers” where minerals reprecipitate in the colder ocean
as a black dust cloud.
4. More vibration of atoms gives a higher temperature.
A. True
B. False
More heat causes more vibration and vice versa. Temperature measures these vibrations.
5. Heating a dinner on the stove is an example of:
A. Convection
B. Conduction
C. Radiation
D. Electromagnetic radiation
Electromagnetic radiation is given off by vibration atoms. Collisions between atoms
causing a transfer of heat is called conduction. Convection is taking something hot and
moving it from here to there.
Emma Wilson
Extra Credit #3
Unit 3:
1. The place where sea floor sinks back into the mantle is called the subduction zone.
A. True
B. False
Once the sea floor made at the spreading ridges cools, it becomes dense and sinks back
into the mantle at a place called the subduction zone.
2. Which of the following is not a name of a tectonic plate?
A. The Eurasian Plate
B. The Antarctic Plate
C. The Atlantic Plate
D. The Pacific Plate
The major tectonic plates: North American, South American, Antarctic, Indian, Pacific,
African, and Eurasian plate.
3. Which of the following does not cause volcanoes to form?
A. Pull apart margins
B. Push-together subduction zones
C. Hot spots
D. Rock pile up
Spreading ridges (pull apart margins,) push together subduction zone, and hot spots all
contribute to volcanoes.
4. What is the name of the hazard of rocks being thrown from volcanoes?
A. Poisonous gases
B. Pyroclastics
C. Landslides and mudflows
D. Tsunamis
These four choices are all hazards of volcanoes. Poisonous gases released from volcanoes
can smother or poison victims. Pyroclastics are the rocks that are thrown from volcanoes,
landslides and mudflows can be triggered from volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis occur
when an undersea eruption moves a lot of water.
5. Volcanoes do not give off signals before eruption.
A. True
B. False
Volcanic eruptions can usually be predicted. Volcanoes give off signals like the ground
swells as magma moves up which creates earthquakes. Scientists monitor the ground
shape to see changes if magma is moving underneath. Also there are monitoring
programs of seismographs that can detect earthquakes.
Emma Wilson
Extra Credit #3
Unit 4:
1.Which of the following were formed by the collision when Africa and Europe hit the
Americas?
A. The Great Smokies
B. Mt. Nittany
C. The Appalachians
D. All of the above
When Africa and Europe collided with the Americas, they caused a long, thin slab of
crust to be come a short thick one through folding and thrust-falling. This created all the
mountains listed above.
2. The high peaks of the Great Smokies are composed of metamorphic rock.
A. True
B. False
The tops of the Great Smokies are comprised of hard, resistant metamorphic rock that are
usualy found deep in a mountain range.
3. What formed the Atlantic Ocean?
A. A large rainstorm
B. A drop in pressure as the Appalachians fell apart causing a convection cell in the
mantle to rise
C. A river deposit
D. A rise in pressure as the Appalachians fell apart causing a convection cell in the
mantle to rise.
The Appalachians containing deep, hot rocks began to fall apart leading to a drop in
pressure which caused a convection cell in the deep mantle to rise, forming the Atlantic
Ocean.
4. Which of the following is NOT a correct statement?
A. Death Valley is an example of a pull-apart structure
B. Crater Lake is an example of Subduction
C. Mt. St. Helens is an example of Obduction
D. The San Andreas Fault is an example of slide-past
Mt. St. Helens is an example of subduction, while Mt. Nittany and the Great Smokies are
examples of obduction.)
5. Continents stand above oceans because their silica-rich continental crust is higher in
density than the silica-poor sea-floor crust.
A. True
B. False
Continents are able to stay above the oceans because their silica-rich crust is less dense
than the silica-poor sea-floor crust.
Emma Wilson
Extra Credit #3
Unit 5
1. Why does the equator receive more sunlight than the poles?
A. Because the poles are cold
B. Because the equator is hot
C. The light passing through at the equator illuminates a square meter and at the
poles the light passing through is spread over many square meters on the surface.
D. The light passing through at the equator illuminates many square meter and at the
poles the light passing through is spread over a square meters on the surface.
Because of the Earth’s curvature, the light passing through the equator illuminates a
square meter at the surface, but at the poles the light is spread over many square miles.
This concludes that the land at the equator is hotter than the poles.
2. Squeezing mud and heating it produces a metamorphic rock called shale.
A. True
B. False
Squeezing mud and then heating it produces a sedimentary rock called mudstone or shale.
3. Which of the following is true?
A. Changes that occur at a place are called weathering
B. Moving the products of weathering is called transport
C. Weathering and transport makes erosion
D. All of the above
Weathering is changes to a rock, transport is moving a rock, and if both occur it’s called
erosion.
4. Rainwater picks up carbon dioxide from the air and becomes a strong acid called
carbonic acid.
A. True
B. False
Weak acids are mostly responsible for weathering. Rainwater picks up carbon dioxide
from the air and becomes a weak acid called carbonic acid. However in soils, water can
pick up more carbon dioxide plus organic acids from decaying organic material,
becoming a stronger acid.
5. Which is NOT a reason why water is often involved in mass movement?
A. Water makes soil heavy
B. Water is sturdy
C. Water lubricates motion of rocks past each other
D. Water partially floats rocks
There are four reasons why water is many times involved in mass movement: water
makes soil heavy, water lubricates motion of rocks past each other, water partially floats
rocks, and motion is easy.