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from the Ancient Greek syn = together taxis = arrangement Saltpeter N Fungus dafont.com syntax guidelines and advice for Writing 105m | M. Sorapure Syntax is the study of how words are arranged in a sentence. One of the major components of grammar, syntax focuses on the construction and arrangement of clauses, phrases, and sentences. Focusing your attention on syntax or sentence structure can help improve your writing in two ways: 1 draw attention to key ideas: the very structure of a sentence can indicate your main point and your subordinate points. 2 achieve a pleasing style: varied syntax is easier and more enjoyable to read. strategies for effective syntax coordination A coordinate structure gives equal weight to two or more ideas in a sentence. Note that a semi-colon is an excellent piece of punctuation to use in expressing coordinate or equally important ideas. A semi-colon allows you to place two independent clauses in a single sentence. In fact, any time you use a semi-colon you should be sure that you have an indiependent clause on both sides. hierarchy/subordination Emphasize the key point of a sentence by expressing it as the subject and verb of an independent clause; these words receive the most attention from readers. I am a huge fan of Lance Armstrong; he courageously battled cancer and he supports cancer research. Lance Armstrong courageously battled cancer and he supports cancer research; I am a huge fan. Lance Armstrong courageously battled cancer and supports cancer research, making me a huge fan of his. parallelism If two or more ideas are parallel, you can express them in parallel grammatical form in order to draw attention to their similarity. Use the same form throughout the parallel structure (e.g., nouns with nouns, verbs with verbs, phrases with phrases). Lance Armstrong courageously battled cancer, supports cancer research, and won seven Tours de France. colons, dashes, & parentheses These less common punctuation marks can help you construct complex, syntactically interesting sentences in which you coordinate and subordinate ideas. In brief, • a colon introduces a list • a pair of dashes sets off parenthetical material that deserves emphasis • parentheses enclose supplemental, less important material I admire Lance Armstrong for these reasons: he courageously battled cancer, supports cancer research, and won seven Tours de France (along with a third place finish in 2009). Lance Armstrong--besides being an excellent athlete--has many admirable qualities.