Download PARTICIPLES AND PARTICIPIAL PHRASES

PARTICIPLES AND
PARTICIPIAL PHRASES
Barry 2011
• What is a verbal?
Verbals
verbal: a verb form that functions
as an adjective, a noun, or an
adverb
There are three kinds of verbals:
participles
2. gerunds
3. infinitives
1.
• What is a participle?
• What is a present participle?
• What is a past participle?
Participles
participle: a verbal that that acts
as an adjective
present participle: formed by
adding –ing to a verb
past participle: usually formed
by adding –ed to a verb
Participles vs. Verbs
Don’t be fooled! Some words that
look like participles are actually
part of a verb phrase.
-ing or –ed verbs come after
these helping verbs
to be (am, is, are, was, were)
to have (have, has)
Verb Phrases
The robin is singing in the tree.
The boys were playing basketball in the park.
On Saturday, we are traveling to New York City.
It has rained for days straight.
The plane has landed.
The robbers have taken the television.
Participles
The singing robin flew overhead.
Laughing, we played basketball in the park.
The beauty queen, smiling and waving, stood on stage.
The bruised boxer glared at his opponent..
Bored, we surfed the TV channels.
The sleepy bear, bewildered and confused, awoke from
hibernation.
Participle or Verb?
The children are brushing their teeth.
Participle or Verb?
The children are brushing their teeth.
verb
The suspect has left the building.
Participle or Verb?
The children are brushing their teeth.
verb
The suspect has left the building.
verb
Shocked, I stared at the newscast.
Participle or Verb?
The children are brushing their teeth.
verb
The suspect has left the building.
past participle
Shocked, I stared at the newscast.
past participle
The Eskimo was building an igloo.
Participle or Verb?
The children are brushing their teeth.
verb
The suspect has left the building.
verb
Shocked, I stared at the newscast.
past participle
The Eskimo was building an igloo.
verb
Participle or Verb?
The crying child calmed down when we gave him a
lollipop.
Past or Present Participle?
The crying child calmed down when we gave him a lollipop.
present participle
The broken bottle floated down the polluted river.
Past or Present Participle?
The crying child calmed down when we gave him a lollipop.
present participle
The broken bottle floated down the polluted river.
past participles
The crowded elevator broke down on the third floor.
Past or Present Participle?
The crying child calmed down when we gave him a lollipop.
present participle
The broken bottle floated down the polluted river.
past participles
The crowded elevator broke down on the third floor.
past participle
Hopping and skipping, the kangaroo traversed the landscape.
Past or Present Participle?
The crying child calmed down when we gave him a lollipop.
present participle
The broken bottle floated down the polluted river.
past participles
The crowded elevator broke down on the third floor.
past participle
Hopping and skipping, the kangaroo traversed the landscape.
present participles
Participle or Verb Phrase?
The phone is ringing.
Participle or Verb Phrase?
The phone is ringing.
verb phrase
The boiled eggs are delicious when you eat them with salt.
Participle or Verb Phrase?
The phone is ringing.
verb phrase
The boiled eggs are delicious when you eat them with salt.
past participle
Screaming and crying, the toddler threw a fit.
Participle or Verb Phrase?
The phone is ringing.
verb phrase
The boiled eggs are delicious when you eat them with salt.
part participle
Screaming and crying, the toddler threw a fit.
present participles
The Yankees are playing this weekend.
Participle or Verb Phrase?
The phone is ringing.
verb phrase
The boiled eggs are delicious when you eat them with salt.
past participle
Screaming and crying, the toddler threw a fit.
present participles
The Yankees are playing this weekend.
verb phrase
Participle or Verb Phrase?
The football team, bruised and defeated, left the field.
Participle or Verb Phrase?
The football team, bruised and defeated, left the field.
past participles
The daredevil jumped his motorcycle through a flaming
hoop.
Participle or Verb Phrase?
The football team, bruised and defeated, left the field.
past participles
The daredevil jumped his motorcycle through a flaming
hoop.
present participle
The crew has worked for hours without a break.
Participle or Verb Phrase?
The football team, bruised and defeated, left the field.
past participles
The daredevil jumped his motorcycle through a flaming
hoop.
present participle
The crew has worked for hours without a break.
verb phrase
We sadly threw away the ruined pancakes.
Participle or Verb Phrase?
The football team, bruised and defeated, left the field.
past participles
The daredevil jumped his motorcycle through a flaming
hoop.
present participle
The crew has worked for hours without a break.
verb phrase
We sadly threw away the ruined pancakes.
past participle
Participial Phrases
Participles can also be part of a
participial phrase
Just like appositive phrases, participial
phrases are set off by commas unless
they are necessary to the meaning of
the sentence.
Participial phrases should be directly
before or after the word they modify.
What is a phrase, anyway?
A phrase is a group of related
words that functions as a single
part of speech and that does not
contain both a subject and a verb
So far this year, we have learned
about appositive phrases and
prepositional phrases
Participial Phrases
The girl throwing the water balloon is Tammy.
Throwing the water balloon, Tammy raced across the
field.
Tammy, throwing the water balloon, shouted a threat to
her opponent.
Tammy shouted to her opponent, throwing the water
balloon.
Problem: This phrase now modifies “opponent.”
Participial Phrases
Pleased with the results of the polls, the election
campaigners held a celebration.
Participial Phrases
Pleased with the results of the polls, the election
campaigners held a celebration.
Shivering uncontrollably, the hypothermic pirate captain
received a blanket from his first mate.
Participial Phrases
Pleased with the results of the polls, the election
campaigners held a celebration.
Shivering uncontrollably, the hypothermic pirate captain
received a blanket from his first mate.
The cat, hissing menacingly, darted its paw toward the
mongoose.
Participial Phrases
Pleased with the results of the polls, the election
campaigners held a celebration.
Shivering uncontrollably, the hypothermic pirate captain
received a blanket from his first mate.
The cat, hissing menacingly, darted its paw toward the
mongoose.
Flying through the night on their broomsticks, the witches
journeyed to the annual Halloween party.
Participial Phrases
Pleased with the results of the polls, the election
campaigners held a celebration.
Shivering uncontrollably, the hypothermic pirate captain
received a blanket from his first mate.
The cat, hissing menacingly, darted its paw toward the
mongoose.
Flying through the night on their broomsticks, the
witches journeyed to the annual Halloween party.
Participial Phrases
Swinging his bat with all his might, the baseball player hit a
home run.
Participial Phrases
Swinging his bat with all his might, the baseball player
hit a home run.
The runner, disappointed by his race, hung his head in
shame.
Participial Phrases
Swinging his bat with all his might, the baseball player
hit a home run.
The runner, disappointed by his race, hung his head in
shame.
The letter containing the scholarship information arrived
yesterday.
Participial Phrases
Swinging his bat with all his might, the baseball player
hit a home run.
The runner, disappointed by his race, hung his head in
shame.
The letter containing the scholarship information arrived
yesterday.
The river, gushing past its banks, flooded the town.
Participial Phrases
Swinging his bat with all his might, the baseball player
hit a home run.
The runner, disappointed by his race, hung his head in
shame.
The letter containing the scholarship information arrived
yesterday.
The river bordering the golf course flooded the town.