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Ch. 18 Sect. 1 The Pressure To Expand Objectives: 1. Explain some of the reasons for the growth of imperialism around the world. 2. Summarize the American view regarding imperialism prior to 1890. Main Idea: In the late 1800s, as European nations took over vast areas in Africa and Asia, American leaders looked to expand American influence abroad. Imperialism Many countries in the world began using imperialism in the late 1800s. Imperialism is when a country tries to create an empire by dominating weaker countries. The dominating country controls the weaker country in one of three ways: economically, militarily, or politically. European countries were looking for new markets for trade or natural resources their country didn’t posses. European countries began promoting nationalism and looking for naval bases around the world. Some Europeans wanted to spread Western culture and Christianity around the world, and used Imperialism to spread those ideals. U.S. Imperialism The U.S. had always expanded, but they did so by taking land in North America, not taking over foreign countries. The U.S. began economic expansion in the 1860s by trading with China and then Japan. In order to have a refueling and repair stations for U.S. ships, the U.S. began looking for islands in the Pacific Ocean to conquer. The U.S. first added Midway Island and then signed a treaty with Hawaii. The U.S. leased Pearl Harbor, but when the relationship with Hawaii weakened, the U.S. annexed Hawaii. From Philippines to Puerto Rico U.S. Imperialism Continued The United Fruit company imported 50 million bunches of bananas a year and dominated the governments and economies of Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Honduras. As a result, some people began calling Central American countries banana republics. Senator Henry Cabot Lodge believed the U.S. would lose its vitality without expansion. This would continue the American pioneer spirit. U.S. buys bananas and sells democracy Why Use Imperialism? The two main reasons for U.S. expansion were: trade and racism. Some U.S. leaders wanted to find new markets to buy surplus U.S. manufactured goods. Other U.S. leaders wanted to expand believing that we had the best culture in the world and we should convert “primitive” societies to our culture (Senator Albert Beveridge). In 1900 most Americans supported imperialism, but at times it led to difficult, bloody, and painful conflicts when the weaker country fought U.S. control. Philippines, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Panama