Download File - Mrs. Malm`s 5th Grade

Energy Unit - Study Guide
Test: Malm Friday 3/7
Wales- Thursday 3/6
1. What is energy?
- the ability to cause motion or create change
-Energy is not matter; it is not a solid, liquid, or gas, all of which have mass
-Energy can be transferred from one form to another, usually releasing heat in the
process.
2. What are other forms of energy?
-sound, light, or heat (thermal), chemical, mechanical, kinetic, potential
Sound
1. What is sound energy?
-Sound waves (vibrating air)
2. How is sound made?
-Sound is produced by vibrating objects.
3. Sound travels through a medium. What sort of things can be a medium?
-Matter (solids, liquids, and gasses)
4. Can sound travel through a vacuum? Why or why not?
-NO! (A vacuum is an absence of matter.)
5. What is pitch?
-How high or low a sound is. The more something vibrates in a specific amount
of time, the higher the frequency of the sound waves and the higher the pitch.
6. What is volume?
-How loud or soft a sound is.
7. What is an echo?
-When sound waves bounce off a hard surface.
Light
1. In which direction does light normally travel?
-Light travels in a straight line unless
(a) it strikes an object, or
(b) it travels from one medium to another.
2. What three things can happen when light strikes an object? Give an example for
each.
a. refracts (bends)- Light can be refracted when it goes from one
transparent medium into another, such as how the pencil looked like it was
in two pieces when we looked at it in a glass of water
b. reflects- Light is reflected when it hits an object and bounces off, such as
when it hits a mirror
c. absorbed- Light that hits an object and is absorbed turns into heat (and
the rest is reflected, allowing us to see different colors), which is why black
clothes are hotter than white clothes
Electricity
1. What is electricity?
-Electricity is the movement of electrons. Electricity can produce light, heat,
and sound.
2. What is an electron and where would you find one?
-Electrons are parts of atoms; the fancy answer is electrons are negatively
charged particles that are components of atoms and they orbit the nucleus of
atoms.
3. What is static electricity?
-when a build up of negative charges jumps to a positive charge
4. What does an electrical circuit need for an electric current to flow?
- a complete, unbroken loop of conductors with a power source
5. What is an insulator of electricity? Give three examples.
Insulators do not allow electricity to flow easily; rubber, plastic, wood, glass
6. What is a conductor of electricity? Give three examples.
Conductors allow electricity to flow easily; humans, water, copper
Magnetism
1. How many poles does every magnet have? Two poles
2. What are the names of those poles? North pole and South pole
3. When do they repel each other? Same poles repel, so North facing North or
South facing South
Sketch it:
4. When do they attract each other? Opposite poles attract, so North facing South
or South facing North
Sketch it:
6. What materials are magnetic?
-Only iron, nickel, and cobalt, or materials made with these ingredients, such
as steel or aluminum
6. What does “magnetic” mean?
-Materials which can be attracted by a magnet
7. What is an electromagnet?
-An object that becomes a magnet when electricity passes through it.
8. Wires in an electromagnetic circuit need to be in what shape?
-coiled (ideally, around an iron core)
9. What happens when the electricity is turned off?
-The magnetism stops.
Other Forms of Energy
*Thermal (heat) -when energy transfers forms (states) it gives off heat.
*Heat (or its absence) causes matter to change states.
*When heat is added, matter goes from solid to liquid, or liquid to gas i.e. ice melts
*When heat is removed, matter goes from gas to liquid, or liquid to solid i.e. water
freezes
1. How is heat energy measured?
-With thermometers
2. What is mechanical energy?
-Mechanical energy is the name of any energy that has the ability to do work
3. What is kinetic energy?
-The energy of something moving i.e. rolling ball, light, sound
4. What is potential energy?
-Stored energy i.e. a ball sitting at the top of a hill, water held in a tank
TEST FORMAT
-Matching Vocabulary
-Multiple Choice (MCAS-style questions)
-Open Response – Can you answer questions using your knowledge of energy?