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Study Guide for Biology Readiness Exam
1. Explain the functions of the following cell organelles:
mitochondria, chloroplast, ribosomes, lysosomes, cell membrane, rough and smooth endoplasmic
reticulum, golgi body, nucleus.
2. Describe the structure of a cell membrane. Include the location of phospholipids, and various types
of proteins.
3. Describe the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
4. Describe the differences between plant and animal cells.
5. Explain the structure and function of both mRNA and DNA.
Include the parts of a nucleotide and the nitrogen bases found in each.
6. Name the complementary base pairs in DNA.
7. Define DNA replication and RNA transcription. Cite where in a cell each takes place.
8.
Define and describe a gene.
9. Compare and contrast the structure of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
Include: monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, fatty acids, glycerol and amino acids.
10. Cite examples of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.
11. Describe a monomer and polymer.
12. Explain the function of both ATP and ADP within a cell.
13. Identify the reactants and products for photosynthesis and respiration.
14. Explain the function of enzymes in a cell.
15. Differentiate between simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and active transport.
16. Cite the number of chromosomes in a human somatic cell and human gamete.
17. Describe interphase of the cell cycle.
18. Explain the function of both mitosis and meiosis.
19.
Define the terms haploid and diploid and apply to both somatic cells and gametes.
20.
Explain how to use a Punnett Square to analyze a genetic cross.
21.
Define the following genetic terms: homozygous genotype, heterozygous
dominant and recessive alleles.
genotype,
22.
Explain atomic structure: Include protons, neutrons, electrons, atomic number, mass number,
isotopes and electron shells.
23.
Explain covalent, ionic and hydrogen bonds.
24.
Describe how ions are formed.
25.
Explain the pH scale.
26. Describe an acid and a base in terms of hydrogen and hydroxide ions.
27.
Define polar and nonpolar molecules.
28.
Explain the difference between organic and inorganic molecules.