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Ancient Greek History: Supplemental Readings Instructions: These readings are intended to supplement and expand on the material presented in class. Most of them are quite short and can be read in a matter of minutes, though some are longer. The study questions will help you understand what you should be getting from the reading and will guide your note-taking. These will also serve as review questions to help you prepare for your exams. A General Timeline of Major Periods of Greek History Summary of the 5th Century BC Major Events in the Peloponnesian War © 2015 The Lukeion Project Page 1 Ancient Greek History: Supplemental Readings The Peloponnesian War 1) General Timeline: http://www.tulane.edu/~august/H310/chronologies/Peloponnesian.htm 2) General Overviews – Knox, Martin, and Livius.org all view the Peloponnesian War slightly differently. There is value not only in the repetition, but also in the variant perspectives. Please read and compare them. a) E.L. Skip Knox, Boise State University (1) I highly recommend reading through these very good, though brief, pages that tell the story of the Peloponnesian War. Instead of clicking on each link below, you can just use the arrow at the top of the page to move through the pages in order. Knox does a very good job of explaining the Sicilian Expedition. i) http://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/westciv/peloponn/01.shtml ii) http://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/westciv/peloponn/02.shtml iii) http://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/westciv/peloponn/03.shtml iv) http://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/westciv/peloponn/04.shtml The “First Peloponnesian War” and the “30 Years Truce” v) http://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/westciv/peloponn/05.shtml vi) http://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/westciv/peloponn/06.shtml vii) http://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/westciv/peloponn/07.shtml The Archidamian War. Knox skips pretty quickly over the Pylos/Sphacteria affair, which was significant because of the Spartan surrender. viii) http://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/westciv/peloponn/08.shtml The Peace of Nicias ix) http://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/westciv/peloponn/09.shtml x) http://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/westciv/peloponn/10.shtml The Sicilian Expedition is covered in sections 10 through 14 xi) http://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/westciv/peloponn/11.shtml xii) http://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/westciv/peloponn/12.shtml xiii) http://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/westciv/peloponn/13.shtml xiv) http://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/westciv/peloponn/14.shtml xv) http://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/westciv/peloponn/15.shtml xvi) http://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/westciv/peloponn/16.shtml The Final Defeat of Athens xvii) http://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/westciv/peloponn/17.shtml b) Thomas R. Martin, An Overview of Classical Greek History from Mycenae to Alexander i) http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0009%3Acha pter%3D12 (1) Who is our primary source for the Peloponnesian War? How does he have first-hand knowledge of the early years of the war, and why did that come to an end? (2) Causes of the Peloponnesian War (a) Describe the dispute over Megara © 2015 The Lukeion Project Page 2 Ancient Greek History: Supplemental Readings (b) Describe the dispute over Potidaea (c) Describe the dispute over Corcyra (d) What does Martin say are the deeper causes of the war? (3) What were the symptoms of the plague that raged within overpopulated Athens? (4) What the Athenian strategy in the Peloponnesian (Archadamian) War. (5) What were the effects of the plague upon the Athenians? (6) Describe the conflicts at Pylos and Amphipolis. How did they affect the course of war? (7) How did the terms of the “Peace of Nicias” affect the Athenian and Spartan coalitions? (8) Know the major events and personalities involved in the disastrous Sicilian Expedition. (9) Be aware of the temporary Democratic setbacks in the second phase of the war. (10)What Spartan victory finally brought Athens to her knees? c) Livius.org (1) Livius.org always presents possibilities (and opinions) that give a broader view of the events than many textbooks do. It also includes a lot of details that are interesting, but don’t get caught up in them if we haven’t touched on them in class. ii) http://www.livius.org/pb-pem/peloponnesian_war/archidamian_war.html (1) What were the three major areas of conflict that brought an end to the 30-Years Peace and launched the Peloponnesian War? (We discussed these in class, too.) (2) Why is this called the “Archidamian” war? (3) Define what Livius.org defines as a victory for Sparta or for Athens. Based on this understanding, who won the first phase of the Peloponnesian War (the Archidamian War)? iii) http://www.livius.org/pb-pem/peloponnesian_war/intermezzo.html (1) Please note that the picture of a bust of Alcibiades on this page looks suspiciously like Alexander the Great. I strongly suspect that it has been misidentified, especially since it is broken at the neck. iv) http://www.livius.org/pb-pem/peloponnesian_war/sicilian_expedition.html (1) In very general terms, why did Athens get involved in Sicily? (2) What were the results of the Sicilian Expedition? What were their ramifications for Athenian relations with Sparta? v) http://www.livius.org/pb-pem/peloponnesian_war/decelean_war.html (1) Why is this called the “Decelean” war? (2) Alcibiades claimed to be able to bring the Persians into the conflict to support Athens, if Athens would do what? (3) Who did Persia really support throughout this conflict? vi) http://www.livius.org/pb-pem/peloponnesian_war/thirty.html (1) What do you think the last sentence on this webpage means: “The only victor in the Peloponnesian War was the great [Persian] king”? 2) Pericles’ “Funeral Oration” a) PBS summary of the content of Pericles’ speech i) http://www.pbs.org/empires/thegreeks/background/36.html © 2015 The Lukeion Project Page 3 Ancient Greek History: Supplemental Readings b) Ancient History Sourcebook – The text of Pericles’ speech, as related by Thucydides, which memorializes the Athenians fallen in the first year of the war, and describes Pericles’ conception of Athenian Democracy i) http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/pericles-funeralspeech.html (1) What are some ways that Pericles says Athenian democratic society differs from that of its neighbors? (2) This is one of the most famous of all historical speeches, though we aren’t sure how exactly Thucydides records it. Be familiar with Pericles’ main arguments in favor of Athenian democracy. © 2015 The Lukeion Project Page 4