Download SKELETAL SYSTEM LAB

BIOLOGY 165 SKELETAL SYSTEM LAB MANUAL
NOTE: You will be asked to identify the bones both individually (disarticulated = not attached to neighboring
bones) and attached to neighboring bones (articulated). Not all bones are shown to scale.
Seen below: Lateral view of the skull. Be able to identify the bones labeled in this picture.
Frontal
Seen below: Hyoid bone. This bone is found in the throat, above the Adam’s apple.
Hyoid
1
Seen below: Anterior view of the skull.
Be able to identify all bones labeled in this picture.
Nasal bones
a
2
Seen below: Facial bones of the skull.
Be able to identify these bones: 5-Maxilla, 6-Zygomatic, 7-Sphenoid, 9-Lacrimal, 10-Ethmoid.
3
Seen below: Inferior view of the skull.
Be able to identify all bones labeled in this picture.
Foramen magnum
4
Seen below: Frontal bone
Seen below: Occipital bone
Foramen
magnum
5
Seen below: Parietal bone
Seen below: Temporal bone
6
Seen below: Sphenoid bone
Seen below: Ethmoid bone
7
Seen below: Mandible
Seen below: Maxilla
8
Seen below: Zygomatic bones
Seen below: Nasal bones
Seen below: Palatine bones
9
Seen below: Inferior Nasal Concha
Seen below: Vomer
Seen below: Lacrimal bones
10
Seen below: Clavicle
Seen below: Scapula
11
Seen below: Humerus
12
Seen below: Radius
Seen below: Ulna
13
Seen below: Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges
14
Seen below: Atlas (Cervical Vertebra #1)
Seen below: Axis (Cervical Vertebra #2)
Seen below: Typical Cervical Vertebra (Cervical Vertebrae #3-7)
15
Seen below: Thoracic Vertebra
Seen below: Lumbar Vertebra
Seen below: Sacrum and Coccyx
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Seen below: Sternum
Be able to identify the parts of the sternum shown below.
of sternum
of sternum
of sternum
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Seen below: Ribs
Seen below: Os Coxa (one entire side of the pelvic girdle). Also know the parts: ilium, ischium, and pubis.
Ilium
Ilium
Pubis
Pubis
Ischium
Ischium
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Seen below: Femur
19
Seen below: Tibia
Seen below: Fibula
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Seen below: Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Seen below: Patella
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HISTOLOGY OF BONE
The slide you are looking at is a slice of compact bone from the shaft of a long bone, ground down to become
extremely thin and translucent (hence the slide name – "ground bone"). Bone tissue has a hard matrix
containing ions of calcium and phosphorus. This matrix is laid down around a dense network of collagen fibers
in layers called lamellae. Systems of Haversian canals containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels
can be identified. These Haversian systems resemble tree stumps and are also known as osteons. Osteocytes
(bone cells) can be seen inside small hollow spaces called lacunae.
Description: A network of osteons makes ground compact bone resemble a field of tree stumps.
Location: Makes up the bones of the body.
Function: Protection, support, mineral storage, fat storage (yellow marrow). Also know the functions of the
Haversian canal and lacuna.
Seen below: light photomicrograph of osseous connective tissue (100X).
Osteocyte
within a
lacuna
A Haversian canal is located in the center of each osteon. In life, it contains nerves, lymphatic vessels, and
blood vessels that run the length of the bone. The wide opening on the right is a Volkmann's canal that
transports the same structures from the outside of the bone to the inside of the bone (marrow cavity) and back.
You will not be asked to identify Volkmann’s canals.
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