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The Nervous System Functions, Divisions, & Neurons Functions Sensory Input Integration Motor functions Divisions of Nervous System Central nervous system (CNS) Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Central Nervous System Brain Spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System Consists of nerves and ganglia Further divided: Afferent division (sensory) Efferent division (motor) Efferent Division of PNS Further divided: Somatic nervous system (voluntary) Autonomic nervous system (involuntary) Autonomic nervous system Further divided: Sympathetic Parasympathetic Nerve Tissue Neuron Neuroglia (glial cell) Neuron Types of Neurons Afferent (sensory) Efferent (motor) Inter-neurons (association neurons) Neuroglia Do not conduct nerve impulses Serve as protection and nourishment for neurons Nerve Impulses Resting membrane Stimulation of neuron Resting membrane Non-conducting neuron Lots of Na+ outside neuron Lots of K+ inside neuron, but even more negative ions found inside Membrane is polarized Stimulation of Neuron A stimulus changes the membrane to allow passive movement of ions. Stimulus must be strong enough to make membrane highly permeable (threshold). Action Potential – Nerve Impulse Depolarization Reverse polarization Repolarization Action Potential Animation Nerve Impulse Conduction of Impulse Action potential must continue the length of a neuron Neurotransmitters carry impulse across the synaptic cleft to new neuron Continuous vs Saltatory Action Potentials Reflex Arcs Functional unit of nervous system Allows for rapid response to stimulus Components: Receptor Sensory neuron Integration center Motor neuron Effector