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Transcript
Discovery of life Standard SB3. Students will derive the relationship between single-celled and multi-celled organisms and the increasing complexity of systems Compare how structures and function vary between the six kingdoms (Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protists, Fungi, Plants, and animals) Essential Question How is life organized at all levels from cells to the biosphere? How do we know what we know? Aristotle (384-322 bc) Spontaneous Generation aka abiogenesis Idea that living things arise from nonliving matter Ex: appearance of maggots on decaying meat Ex: moldy bread Francesco Redi(1626-1697) Proved Aristotle’s idea incorrect Abiogenesis a Hoax! Observation: Question: Does decaying meat create maggots? Hypothesis: Maggots appear when raw meat is left out. Current theory holds that Spontaneous generation is the cause. The meat does not create the maggots Experiment: Control group: sealed meat in a jar Experimental group: open & mesh container of meat Dependent Variable: maggot growth Independent variable: decaying meat Abiogenesis a Hoax! Data analysis Sealed jar with meat: no maggots Mesh jar with meat: no maggots Open jar with meat: maggots Conclusion: Hypothesis accepted Maggots deposited by flies Biogenesis is born! Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) Biogenesis Living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells Louis Pasteur Microorganism present in the air Can contaminate solutions Beginnings of germ theory in disease Spontaneous check Write and answer the following questions. Turn into box when complete. 1. What is the meaning of Spontaneous generation? 2. Explain Francesco Redi’s experiment. 3. What is the meaning of Biogenesis? Standard SB3. Students will derive the relationship between single-celled and multi-celled organisms and the increasing complexity of systems Compare and contrast viruses with living organisms What are Viruses? Microscopic microscope Smaller than most bacteria Invade organisms only visible using a cells Use cell machinery to reproduce Infected cell produces viral proteins and genetic material Cell no longer functions for itself Viruses continued Most have 2 phases Dormant phase Lysogenic phase No reproduction occurs Cell continues its normal processes STAGES OF VIRUS REPLICATION Active phase Lytic phase Virus reproduction using cell Normal cell activities halted What do Viruses look like? 3 basic components Plasma membrane and Capsid Protein Genetic material DNA coating or RNA Glycoproteins Bind to cell surface Are viruses alive? 1. Create a T-chart On one side, list the characteristics of life On the other side, identify whether or not a virus exhibits each characteristic There must be a yes or no for each characteristic If yes, provide evidence You may use your notes 2. Under the chart, answer the question below: Are viruses alive? Cells continued Robert 1703) Hooke (1635- First to view and name cells Looked at cork plant tissue with light microscope Looked like hollow boxes so he named them cells Inspired other scientists to study cells Cells Basic unit of structure and function Discovery of the cell Light Microscopes Uses glass lenses and visible light to magnify an image Magnifies images up to 1,000 times the actual size Electron Microscopes Uses magnets to aim a beam of electrons at a cell to produce an image Magnifies images up to 500,000 times the actual size Cell Theory Rudolph Virchow The cell theory All organisms are composed of one or more cells The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms All cells come from preexisting cells "Omnis cellula e cellula" Types of Cells Prokaryotes No true nucleus Nucleiod Spot designated for DNA Surrounded by a plasma membrane Cell wall Ribosomes Eukaryotes Nucleus present Membrane bound organelles Surrounded by a plasma membrane Some have cell wall Ribosomes Animal cell Plant cell Prokaryotic cell
