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Answer Key Vocabulary Practice A. Synonyms or Antonyms 1. synonym 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. antonym antonym synonym antonym antonym B. Stepped-Out Vocabulary 1. A species that has an unusually large effect on its ecosystem; its loss greatly impacts its ecosystem; a beaver is a keystone species 2. An organism that eats both plants and animals; omnivores are often generalists; most humans are omnivores 3. An organism that breaks down organic matter into smaller compounds; a type of detritivore; fungi are decomposers C. Word Origins 1. the study of our home (Earth) 2. photosynthesis uses light 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. energy to join together chemical compounds to form carbohydrates a carnivore eats flesh an herbivore eats vegetation a detritivore breaks down organic matter into smaller pieces an omnivore eats all things, plants and animals chemosynthesis uses chemical energy to join together chemical compounds to form carbohydrates an autotroph makes its own nourishment 9. a heterotroph eats other organisms to get its nourishment 10. a biogeochemical cycle follows the path of a chemical in both the living and geological (or earth) parts of an ecosystem 11. the hydrologic cycle is the water cycle 12. mass of living things in a given area D. Categorize Words 1. wind, A; sunlight, A; deer, B 2. soil, A; sunflower, B; water, A 3. fungus, B; snow, A; eagle, B 4. temperature, A; prairie dog, B; frog, B E. Find the Odd Word 1. plant; a carnivore is a consumer 2. producer; a decomposer is a type of detritivore 3. autotroph; both omnivores and herbivores are consumers (heterotrophs) 4. keystone species; an energy pyramid is made up of different trophic levels light is used as the energy source 3. a food chain shows a simple sequence that links one producer to one consumer and so on; a food web shows the complex network of feeding relationships within an ecosystem 4. a community is a group of different species that live together in one area; an ecosystem includes communities of different species along with all the abiotic factors within the area as well G. Crossword Puzzle Across 1. energy pyramid 3. trophic level 6. biogeochemical cycle 7. ecosystem 8. biodiversity 10. biome Down 2. nitrogen fixation 4. decomposer 5. specialist 6. biomass 7. ecology F. What’s the Difference? 1. a producer makes its own food from nonliving resources; a consumer gets its energy by eating other organisms 2. chemosynthesis is the process by which an organism forms carbohydrates by using chemicals as an energy source; in photosynthesis, © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Biology Principles of Ecology Name: _____________________________ Class: _________________ Date: __________________ CHAPTER 13 PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY Vocabulary Practice ecology community ecosystem biome biotic abiotic biodiversity keystone species producer autotroph consumer heterotroph chemosynthesis food chain herbivore carnivore omnivore detritivore decomposer specialist generalist trophic level food web biomass energy pyramid A. Synonyms or Antonyms Identify the words in each pair as synonyms, which are words that mean roughly the same thing, or antonyms, which are words that mean roughly the opposite. 1. producer/autotroph 2. specialist/generalist 3. biotic/abiotic 4. consumer/heterotroph 5. chemosynthesis/photosynthesis 6. herbivore/meat-eater B. Stepped-Out Vocabulary Define each word. Then write two additional facts that are related to the word. WORD DEFINITION MORE INFORMATION Example herbivore an organism that eats plants primary consumer a cow is an herbivore 1. keystone species 2. omnivore 3. decomposer © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Biology 1 Principles of Ecology Name: _____________________________ Class: _________________ Date: __________________ VOCABULARY PRACTICE, CONTINUED C. Word Origins Circle the Greek and Latin word parts in each vocabulary term. Then use the Greek and Latin meanings to construct a very basic definition of the vocabulary word. bio- = life auto- eco- = home syn- = -vore = = self carnus = flesh hetero- = different omnis = all together chemo- = chemical detrere = to wear away eat photo- = light geo- earth -troph = nourishment -logy study of hydro- = water herba = = = vegetation WORD DEFINITION 1. ecology 2. photosynthesis 3. carnivore 4. herbivore 5. detritivore 6. omnivore 7. chemosynthesis 8. autotroph 9. heterotroph 10. biomass D. Categorize Words Write “A” next to words that can describe abiotic factors. Write “B” next to words that can describe biotic factors. 1. wind sunlight deer 2. soil sunflower water 3. fungus snow eagle 4. temperature prairie dog frog © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Biology 2 Principles of Ecology Name: _____________________________ Class: _________________ Date: __________________ VOCABULARY PRACTICE, CONTINUED E. Find the Odd Word Place a check mark next to the word that does not belong and explain why. 1. consumer Explanation carnivore plant 2. detritivore Explanation producer decomposer 3. omnivore Explanation autotroph herbivore 4. trophic level Explanation energy pyramid keystone species F. What’s the Difference? For each pair of words below, describe the difference between the two terms. 1. producer/consumer 2. chemosynthesis/photosynthesis 3. food chain/food web 4. community/ecosystem © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Biology 3 Principles of Ecology Name: _____________________________ Class: _________________ Date: __________________ VOCABULARY PRACTICE, CONTINUED G. Crossword Puzzle Use the clues to solve the puzzle. Across Down 1. A diagram that compares energy use among 3. 6. 7. 8. 10. 2. The process by which gaseous nitrogen is trophic levels Level of nourishment in a food chain Movement of a particular chemical through the living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem All of the organisms as well as the abiotic factors in a given area The variety of living things in an ecosystem A major regional or global community of organisms 1. 4. 5. 6. 7. converted into ammonia Detritivore that breaks down organic matter into simpler compounds A consumer that primarily eats one specific organism The measure of the total dry mass of organisms in a given area The study of the interactions among living things, and between living things and their surroundings 2. N I 3. T 4. 5. R O 6. B I O G E O C H E M I C A L C Y C L E E 7. N F 8. 9. I X A T 10. I O N © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Biology 4 Principles of Ecology