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Warm-up • Today you need Learning and Text books • What keeps us from knowing more about the people in the Indus River Valley? • Aim: What are the aspects of Ancient Chinese civilization? • Do Now: Copy terms – Mandate of Heaven – Claim by Chinese emperors that they had the right from the heavens to rule. What does the Mandate of Heaven tell you about the relationship between government and religion in China? The Geography of China • China was an isolated country from the rest of the civilized world because of distance and natural barriers separating it from Egypt, Mesopotamia and India. This isolation contributed to the Chinese belief that they were the center of the civilized world. What are some positive and negatives of being isolated or having no contact with other cultures? The 4 Old-World River Valley Cultures Geography • Rivers: Yangzi and Huang He (Yellow) • Natural Barriers: Himalayan Mountains, Gobi Desert Why did Chinese civilization begin around the Yangzi and Yellow River? What would a natural barrier such as the Himalayan Mountains prevent? What natural boundaries isolated China from the rest of the world? Page 52-53 in Books • Read section on Family, Social Class, and Religion. The Development of Chinese Culture Chinese Civilization • Sees China as center of world • The group is more important than the individual Family • Women expected to obey all men, even sons Social Classes • King and warrior-nobles lead society and own the land, the rest were peasants. The Shang Dynasty • Around 1650 B.C. a people called the Shang controlled the Huang He Valley of China. They are best known for their bronze work Religious Beliefs • Ancient Chinese practiced ancestor worship in which they worshiped their dead relatives. The Chinese used oracle bones to communicate with these ancestors. What questions do you think the ancient Chinese asked their ancestors? The Zhou Dynasty • Overthrew the Shang and justified their rule by promoting the idea of the Mandate of Heaven or divine right to rule. • Claimed the cruelty of the last Shang Emperor had forced the gods (heaven) to overthrow him and put them in charge. Aim: How did the Dynastic Cycle explain the rise and fall of Chinese Dynasties? • Do Now: List three things that would make people unhappy with their government. “T’ien Ming” The Mandate of Heaven 1.The leader must lead by ability and virtue. 2.The dynasty's leadership must be justified by succeeding generations. 3.The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse; the will of the people was important. Start here Emperor is defeated !! Rebels find strong leader and Rebel against Emperior. Poor lose respect for govt. They rebel. A new dynasty comes to power. The emperor improves government. The Dynastic Cycle Droughts, floods, famines occur. Govt. corruption. People’s lives improved; taxes reduced. Problems begin (extensive wars, invasions, etc.) Economic problems, high taxes How are the Dynastic Cycle and the Mandate of Heaven related? The Dynastic Cycle Learning Log • How can we apply the dynastic cycle to American politics?