Download Biology 5 Human Physiology Lecture 13 April 9, 2013 Sports

Biology 5 Human Physiology Lecture 13 April 9, 2013 v Sports Illustrated. October 22, 2012. “The Honey Badger et al . . .” v Components of the cardiovascular system. How does this all relate to the respiratory system? v Blood composition. v Function of platelets v Make up of blood plasma v What is osmotic pressure? What does it induce and how is it counteracted? v Types of leukocytes. Significance of a differential WBC count. v Hematopoiesis & cytokines (EPO, TPO, CSF and interleukins) v Hematocrit v Erythropoiesis—when and where? v Erythrocytes and hemoglobin v Breakdown of hemoglobin Biology 5 Human Physiology Lecture 14 April 11, 2013 v Edgar v Why is it dangerous for endurance athletes to have elevated hematocrit levels? v What is the significance of an elevated reticulocyte count? v Ca2+ induced Ca2+ release v Pressure gradients v What cause resistance in the cardiovascular system? v Heart anatomy v Electrical conduction system of the heart—autorhythmic cells. Biology 5 Human Physiology Lecture 15 April 16, 2013 v Anatomy of myocardial autorhythmic cells (MACs)—intercalated disks & desmosomes. What is their physiological significance? v Understand the difference (and significance) between action potentials in skeletal muscle/neurons with those in myocardial contractile cells (MCCs). What causes this difference and why is it important for this to happen in MCCs? v Key Points: MCCs can have graded potentials which vary the force of contraction which is directly correlated to the degree of stretch in the sarcomere—
proportional to volume of blood in the chambers. v MAC action potential 1) If Channels 2) Na+ & Ca2+ influx-­‐-­‐depolarization 3) K+ efflux—repolarization v ANS Modulation 1) Parasympathetic éHR: How? 2) Sympathetic ê HR: How? v Electrical conduction system of the heart—autorhythmic cells. Biology 5 Human Physiology Lectures 16-­‐19 April 18, 23, 25 & 30 v What are the two parameters affecting ventricular contraction? v There are two pumps (other than the heart) which have an impact of blood return to the heart. v Know how to determine stroke volume and cardiac output. v What are EDV & ESV? Isovolumic contraction? v Inotropic effects v What is the Frank-­‐Starling Principle? Be able to discuss the three factors which affect venous return. v How do signaling molecules like epinephrine increase force and diminish the rate of contraction? v What must ventricular force overcome? v Influences on mean arterial pressure? v Catecholamine effects on β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors. v Function of the respiratory system v How do temperature, pH and CO2 affect the binding affinity of oxygen to hemoglobin? (I did NOT talk about this in class) v Pleural membranes v Pressure differences v Surfactant v Gas exchange—3 places v Partial pressure of gases in atmosphere, alveoli, capillaries and tissues and how this determines movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide. v O2 & CO2 transport Biology 5 Human Physiology Lecture 20 May 2, 2013 v 180L & 99% v Bulk reabsorption—where? What drives it? NHE & SGLT & Na+-­‐K+ Pump v Loop of Henle—what is the goal here? v Vasa Recta v Collecting duct and concentration of urine v Renin-­‐Angiotensin System (we’ll talk about this on Tuesday, May 7)