Download Campbell Biology Test IIA (Chapter 4-6 )

Campbell Biology Test IIA (Chapter 4-6 )
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Which of the functional groups below acts most like an acid in water?
A) carbonyl
B) amino
C) carboxyl
D) hydroxyl
1)
2) Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?
A) Bacteria and Archaea
B) Bacteria and Eukarya
C) Archaea and Protista
D) Bacteria and Protista
2)
3) Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?
A) amino and sulfhydryl groups
B) carboxyl and amino groups
C) hydroxyl and carboxyl groups
D) carbonyl and amino groups
3)
4) How many electron pairs does carbon share to complete its valence shell?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
4)
D) 8
5) The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following
structures is primarily involved in this process and, therefore, abundant in liver cells?
A) nuclear envelope
B) Golgi apparatus
C) rough ER
D) smooth ER
5)
6) The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to _____.
A) the variety of rare elements in organic molecules
B) the diverse bonding patterns of nitrogen
C) their interaction with water
D) the chemical versatility of carbon atoms
6)
7) Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell
through _____.
A) desmosomes
B) tight junctions
C) gap junctions
D) plasmodesmata
7)
8) Which of the following is NOT a polymer?
A) cellulose
B) starch
8)
C) glucose
D) DNA
9) Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because _____.
A) humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the -glycosidic linkages of starch but not the
-glycosidic linkages of cellulose
B) the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is galactose
C) the monomer of starch is fructose, while the monomer of cellulose is glucose
D) starch monomers are joined by covalent bonds and cellulose monomers are joined by ionic
bonds
10) Which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of many animals and fungi?
A) amylopectin
B) chitin
C) cellulose
D) amylose
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9)
10)
11) Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers?
A) They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images.
B) They have variations in arrangement around a double bond.
C) They have the same chemical properties.
D) They have different molecular formulas.
11)
12) A new organism is discovered in the forests of Costa Rica. Scientists there determine that the
polypeptide sequence of hemoglobin from the new organism has 72 amino acid differences from
humans, 65 differences from a gibbon, 49 differences from a rat, and 5 differences from a frog.
These data suggest that the new organism is more closely related to _____.
A) frogs than to humans
B) gibbons than to rats
C) humans than to frogs
D) rats than to frogs
12)
13) The figure above shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules are _____.
A) cis-trans isomers
B) isotopes
C) structural isomers
D) enantiomers
13)
14) Where would you expect to find tight junctions?
A) between plant cells in a woody plant
B) in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes
C) between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) in the epithelium of an animal's stomach
14)
15) What does the term insoluble fiber refer to on food packages?
A) polypeptides
B) starch
C) amylopectin
15)
D) cellulose
16) What is the term used for a protein molecule that assists in the proper folding of other proteins?
A) tertiary protein
B) chaperonin
C) renaturing protein
D) denaturing protein
16)
17) Cilia and flagella bend because of _____.
A) conformational changes in ATP that thrust microtubules laterally
B) the quick inward movements of water by osmosis.
C) a motor protein called radial spokes
D) a motor protein called dynein
17)
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18) Research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of
two enantiomers; that is, molecules that _____.
A) differ in the location of their double bonds
B) differ in the arrangement of atoms around their double bonds
C) are mirror images of each other
D) have identical chemical formulas but differ in the branching of their carbon skeletons
18)
19) Which level of protein structure do the -helix and the -pleated sheet represent?
A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary
19)
20) Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in
animal cells?
A) gap junctions
B) desmosomes
C) extracellular matrix
D) tight junctions
20)
21) Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?
A) Golgi apparatus
B) mitochondrion
C) lysosome
D) peroxisome
21)
22) A newspaper ad for a local toy store indicates that an inexpensive toy microscope available for a
small child is able to magnify specimens nearly as much as the more costly microscope available in
your college lab. What is the primary reason for the price difference?
A) The toy microscope usually uses a different wavelength of light source.
B) The toy microscope does not have the same fine control for focus of the specimen.
C) The college microscope produces greater contrast in the specimens.
D) The toy microscope magnifies a good deal, but has low resolution and therefore poor quality
images.
22)
23) Which of these classes of biological molecules does NOT include polymers?
A) nucleic acids
B) proteins
C) lipids
23)
D) carbohydrates
24) Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following
molecules?
A) nucleic acids
B) proteins
C) lipids
D) glycogen
24)
25) Which functional group shown above is characteristic of alcohols?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
25)
26) Which functional group(s) shown above is (are) present in all amino acids?
A) A and B
B) B and D
C) C only
D) B and C
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26)
27) The two molecules shown in the figure below are best described as _____.
A) cis-trans isomers
C) enantiomers
27)
B) structural isomers
D) chain length isomers
28) Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and
hydrolysis?
A) Dehydration reactions eliminate water from membranes; hydrolysis reactions add water to
membranes.
B) Hydrolysis reactions create polymers and dehydration reactions create monomers.
C) Dehydration reactions assemble polymers; hydrolysis reactions break polymers apart.
D) Dehydration reactions and hydrolysis reactions assemble polymers from monomers.
28)
29) Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?
A) mitochondrion
B) centriole
C) chloroplast
29)
30) The element present in all organic molecules is _____.
A) oxygen
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) central vacuole
D) carbon
30)
31) Suppose a cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma
membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from _____.
A) a bacterium
B) nearly any eukaryotic organism
C) an animal but not a plant
D) a plant but not an animal
31)
32) What component of amino acid structure varies among different amino acids?
A) the components of the R-group
B) the long carbon-hydrogen tails of the molecule
C) the glycerol molecule that forms the backbone of the amino acid
D) the presence of a central C atom
32)
33) The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved _____.
A) anaerobic archaea taking up residence inside a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen
—the anaerobic bacterium evolved into chloroplasts
B) endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell—the endosymbiont evolved into
mitochondria
C) acquisition of an endomembrane system and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a
portion of the Golgi
D) an endosymbiotic fungal cell evolving into the nucleus
33)
34) Why is carbon so important in biology?
A) It is a common element on Earth.
B) It can form a variety of carbon skeletons and host functional groups.
C) It has very little electronegativity, making it a good electron donor.
D) It bonds to only a few other elements.
34)
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35) Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one
galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?
A) as a monosaccharide
B) as a polysaccharide
C) as a disaccharide
D) as a hexose
35)
36) What is the name of the functional group shown in the figure below?
36)
A) ketone
B) carbonyl
C) carboxyl
D) aldehyde
37) What technique would be most appropriate to use to observe the movements of condensed
chromosomes during cell division?
A) transmission electron microscopy
B) scanning electron microscopy
C) standard light microscopy
37)
38) Misfolding of polypeptides is a serious problem in cells. Which of the following diseases are
associated with an accumulation of misfolded polypeptides?
A) Parkinson's only
B) Alzheimer's only
C) Alzheimer's and Parkinson's only
D) diabetes mellitus only
38)
39) Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
A) Prokaryotes are not able to carry out aerobic respiration, relying instead on anaerobic
metabolism.
B) Prokaryotes have cells while eukaryotes do not.
C) Prokaryotes are generally larger than eukaryotes.
D) Eukaryotic cells have more intracellular organelles than prokaryotes.
39)
40) What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a
cell?
A) Golgi ER lysosome
B) ER lysosomes
vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
C) ER Golgi
nucleus
D) ER Golgi vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
40)
41) All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell EXCEPT _____.
A) a cell wall
B) an endoplasmic reticulum
C) ribosomes
D) a plasma membrane
41)
42) Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular
structures?
A) membrane proteins of the inner nuclear envelope
B) free ribosomes and ribosomes attached to the ER
C) components of the cytoskeleton
D) cellulose fibers in the cell wall
42)
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43) One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to _____.
A) transmit genetic information to offspring
B) make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity
C) act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA
D) function in the synthesis of proteins
44) The molecule shown in the accompanying figure is _____.
A) a pentose
B) a hexose
C) maltose
43)
D) fructose
44)
45) The molecule illustrated in the accompanying figure _____.
A) is a saturated fatty acid.
B) will be liquid at room temperature.
C) is a carbohydrate.
D) stores genetic information.
45)
46) Differences among organisms are caused by differences in the _____.
A) elemental composition from organism to organism
B) sizes of the organic molecules in each organism
C) types of inorganic compounds present in each organism
D) types and relative amounts of organic molecules synthesized by each organism
46)
47) How do phospholipids interact with water molecules?
A) Phospholipids dissolve in water.
B) Phospholipids do not interact with water because water is polar and lipids are nonpolar.
C) The polar heads avoid water; the nonpolar tails attract water (because water is polar and
opposites attract).
D) The polar heads interact with water; the nonpolar tails do not.
47)
48) Which of the following includes all of the pyrimidines found in RNA and DNA?
A) cytosine and thymine
B) cytosine, uracil, and thymine
C) cytosine, uracil, and guanine
D) cytosine and uracil
48)
49) Which of the following is the best explanation for why vegetable oil is a liquid at room temperature
while animal fats are solid?
A) Vegetable oil has more double bonds than animal fats.
B) Animal fats have no amphipathic character.
C) Vegetable oil has fewer double bonds than animal fats.
D) Vegetable oil has longer fatty-acid tails than animal fats have.
49)
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50) Amoebae move by crawling over a surface (cell crawling), which involves _____.
A) setting up microtubule extensions that vesicles can follow in the movement of cytoplasm
B) growth of actin filaments to form bulges in the plasma membrane
C) cytoplasmic streaming
D) reinforcing the pseudopod with intermediate filaments
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50)