Download rhetorical appeals chart

AP Lang
2014
Identifying Rhetorical Strategies: Logos, Pathos, and Ethos
Rhetoric: The art of using language persuasively and effectively
Logos = Reason/Logic
Pathos = Emotion
Ethos = Ethics and Credibility
The ongoing establishment of a rhetor’s
authority, credibility, and believability as
he/she speaks or writes. Ethos appeals to
ethics and character. Ethos seeks to persuade
the reader that the writer/speaker can be
trusted and believed due to his/her noble
character or ethical ways in which he/she is
presenting ideas.
The use of logic, rationality, and critical reasoning to
persuade. Logos appeals to the mind. Logos seeks
to persuade the reader intellectually.
The use of emotion and affect to persuade. Pathos
appeals to the heart and to one’s emotions. Pathos
seeks to persuade the reader emotionally.
To appeal to reason or logic
Theoretical, abstract language
Denotative meanings/reasons
Literal and historical analogies
Definitions
Factual data and statistics
Quotations
Citations from experts and authorities
Informed opinions
To appeal to emotion
Vivid, concrete language
Emotionally loaded language
Connotative meanings
Emotional examples
Vivid descriptions
Narratives of emotional events
Emotional tone
Figurative language
To appeal to moral philosophy or credulity
Language appropriate to audience
and subject
Restrained, sincere, fair-minded
presentation
Appropriate level of vocabulary
Clear articulation
Multiple perspectives
How can you use this appeal?
How can you use this appeal?
How can you use this appeal?
Provide sufficient evidence from empirical sources
and sound reasoning. This appeal is matter-of-fact.
It is very useful; if used appropriately, it can be
extremely effective for persuading people to
believe something.
Draw readers in by offering emotionally charged
reasoning. This rhetorical appeal is often used to
elicit a specific response such as outrage, anger,
sadness, happiness, desire, and so on. The plan is
that if the intended audience feels the emotional
response, they will be persuaded.
Demonstrate your reliability, credibility,
and moral philosophy. It can also
persuade the audience by challenging
their ethics. This might occur if it seems
that only an unscrupulous audience would
disagree with you.
Identifying Rhetorical Strategies in Thoreau’s “On Civil Disobedience”
Logos = Logic
Pathos = Emotion
Ethos = Ethics and Credibility
The use of logic, rationality, and critical
reasoning to persuade. Logos appeals to the
mind. Logos seeks to persuade the reader
intellectually.
The use of emotion and affect to persuade.
Pathos appeals to the heart and to one’s
emotions. Pathos seeks to persuade the
reader emotionally.
The ongoing establishment of a rhetor’s authority,
credibility, and believability as he/she speaks or
writes. Ethos appeals to ethics and character. Ethos
seeks to persuade the reader that the
writer/speaker can be trusted and believed due to
his/her noble character or ethical ways in which
he/she is presenting ideas.
your speech
X and
List three quotes using ethos from “CD”
your speech
List three quotes using logos from “CD”
X and
specific sub-category within logos
Quote
Sub-Category
your speech
List three quotes using pathos from
X “CD”
and specific sub-category within pathos
Quote
Sub-Category
specific sub-category within ethos
Quote
Sub-Category