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CNIDARIANS By: Kat Johnston, Hunter Dost and Piper Wetzel Cnidarian Any invertebrate animal, as a hydra, jellyfish, sea anemone, or coral, considered as belonging to the phylum Cnidaria, characterized by the specialized stinging structures in the tentacles surrounding the mouth. Vocabulary: Gastrodermis: Is the inner layer of cells that serves as a lining membrane of the gastrovascular cavity of Cnidarians. Mesoglea: Is the translucent, non-living, jelly-like substance found between the two epithelial cell layers in the bodies of cnidarians. Nematocysts: a specialized cell in the tentacles of a jellyfish or other cnidarians, containing a barbed or venomous coiled thread that can be projected in self-defense or to capture prey. Also known as cnidae. Medusa: A free-swimming sexual form of a cnidarian, typically having an umbrella-shaped body with stinging tentacles around the edge. Polyp: A solitary or colonial sedentary form of a cnidarian, typically having a columnar body with the mouth uppermost surrounded by a ring of tentacles CHARACTERISTICS ● Gastrovascular cavity: Cnidarians possess only one digestive opening, which serves as both the mouth and the anus. This opening is surrounded by tentacles and leads to an internal digestive cavity. ● Body plans: Radially symmetric ● They have three tissue layers, an outer protective epidermis, a middle layer called the mesoglea, and an inner layer called the gastrodermis, whose function is primarily digestive. ● Most cnidarians possess tentacles, and many also have nematocysts (specialized stinging cells). Both are involved in feeding. Phylum life characteristics Digestion- The Cnidarians digestion system is very complex, but also very simple. They all have a one way digestive system. Which means all the food goes through the same way. This process is called Gastrovascular cavity. Excretion- Cnidarians have a canalike cavity within their two layered bodies. For ingestion, digestion and egestion for food and waste. Reproduction- All cnidarians reproduce sexually. This occurs in one phase life cycle which is usually medusa. They can also reproduce asexually, but that occurs with both phases. The other phase is called Polyp. Circulatory System- Cnidarians do not have a circulatory system because they don’t need one. All their cells are connected with water, which contains oxygen and nutrients. The cells undertake a process of diffusion to transport oxygen, waste and nutrients into the organism. Respiration- Cnidarians breathe through gas exchange. They do not have gills or lungs like most maries do. Classification Hydrozoa: 1. Mostly Marine 2. Only class with freshwater members 3. Alternate generations 4. Mostly colonial polyps 5. Only have cnidocytes in epidermis Classification Scyphozoa: 1. True “jelly-fish” - Polyp form reduced or absent 2. All marine 3. Cnidocytes in gastrodermis and endodermis 4. gametes form in gastrodermis Classification Anthozoa: 1. No medusae, polyp only 2. Mouth has a pharynx 3. Sexual and asexual reproduction Classification Cubozoa: 1. Medusa is cuboidal 2. Tentacles hang from corners 3. Polyps reduced or absent Fun Facts: 1. Cnidarians are known to be older than dinosaurs. 2. The name Cnidaria comes from the Greek "Cnidos" meaning stinging nettle. 3. A group of jellyfish is called a bloom or swarm. 4. The firing of nematocysts are the fastest reactions in the animal kingdom. 5. Box jellyfish venom is the most deadly in the animal kingdom and has caused at least 5,568 recorded deaths since 1954. Fun-Facts: 1. Cnidarians don't have brains or hearts 2. some jellyfish are as big as a human and others are smaller than a match 3. some of the chemicals produced by corals help scientists learn about anti-cancer drugs 4. Some Cnidarians are the longest animals in the world, one of them that can stretch as long as 40m 5. Cnidarians can weigh up to several tons Cited Information http://dictionary.reference.com/ - Dictionary for vocab https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=google% 20images - Used for all pictures https://sites.google.com/site/cnidarians4life/special-or/interesting - Fun-facts http://digestivemack.weebly.com/cnidaria.html - Digestive info http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Cnidaria.aspx -Cnidaria facts http://cnidarianh.blogspot.com/2007/02/feeding-respiration-excretion.html - Excretion http://www.britannica.com/animal/cnidarian - Reproduction