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THE
CIVIL WAR
1861-1865
THE
SECESSION
CRISIS
Fort
Sumter:
April 12,
1861
Secession & the Upper South
Slavery & Secession
% Whites in Slaveowning Families
% Slaves in
Population
Original
Confederate States
38%
47%
Upper South States
that Later Joined
the Confederacy
24%
32%
Border States
Remaining in Union
14%
15%
Source: Henretta, et al., America’s History, 5th ed.
TWO
SOCIETIES
AT WAR
The Divided Nation
Lincoln by Alexander Gardner, 1861
Lincoln
Feb. 23, 1861
(Library of Congress)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Jefferson
Davis,
President, CSA
Comparing the North & the South
Men
Present
for Duty
in the
Civil War
Resources:
North vs.
South
Railroad
Lines,
1860
Overview
of
Civil War
Strategy
“Anaconda”
Plan
Foreign Affairs and Diplomacy
• Southern appeals to Britain & France
• Blockade runners
• William Seward
THE WAR IN
THE EAST
1861-1862
Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas), July, 1861
Thomas
Jonathan
“Stonewall”
Jackson
The Battle of the Ironclads, March, 1862
The Monitor
vs.
the Merrimac
USS Monitor Deck and Turret
Union General
George B. McClellan
Robert E. Lee
General, CSA
The War in
the East:
1861-1862
The War in
the East:
1861-1862
The Battle of Antietam
September 1862

Bloodiest single day of the
war:
Union: 12,410 casualties,
double those of D-Day (June 6, 1944)
 Lee lost 10,700 men, 25% of
his Army.

 Tactical draw, strategic
victory – McClellan halted
Lee’s invasion.
 Enabled Lincoln to an-
Bloody Lane
(Library of Congress)
nounce his Preliminary
Emancipation Proclamation
5 days later.
 Along with the Emancipation Proclamation, caused
Great Britain to rethink
recognizing the C.S.A.
After Antietam
Lincoln Meets with McClellan and Staff
Union General
Ambrose
Burnside
DOMESTIC
DEVELOPMENTS
Opposition and Lincoln’s Response
 Peace Democrats
 “copperheads”
Republicans: moderate vs. “radical”
 Lincoln’s use of executive power
 habeas corpus
 martial law
Significant Legislation Passed in Congress
 Morrill Tariff Act (1861)
 Income tax
 Legal Tender Act (1862)
 “greenbacks”
- $430+ million
 National Banking Acts (1863 & 1864)
 Pacific Railway Acts (1862 & 1864)
 Union Pacific Railroad Co.
 Central Pacific Railroad Co.
 Homestead Act (1862)
 Morrill Land Grant Act (1862)
 Emancipation Proclamation (1862)
Mobilizing Armies
& Social Unrest
Recruiting station, New York City
 Conscription Act
(March 1863)
 New York City Draft
Riots (July 1863)
New York
Draft
Riots Battle in
Second
Avenue
(Collection of Picture
Research Consultants
& Archives)
Presidential
Election of
1864
A NEW BIRTH
OF FREEDOM
The Civil War and
African-Americans
Civil War and African-Americans
 Conservative Republican view
 Radical Republicans
 Thaddeus Stevens – Rep PA
 Charles Sumner – Senator Mass
 Benjamin Wade – Senator OH
 Confiscation Act
Civil War and African-Americans
 Emancipation
Proclamation
 Did Lincoln “free the
slaves”?
Emancipation in 1863
Civil War and African-Americans
 54th Massachusetts Infantry
 Thirteenth Amendment
FROM
GETTYSBURG TO
APPOMATTOX
1863-1865
•
•
•
•
•
Ulysses S. Grant
Shiloh
New Orleans
Admiral David Farragut
Vicksburg
(May 19-July 4, 1863)
General Ulysses S. Grant
Civil War in the West
The War in
the West,
1863:
Vicksburg
Battle of Gettysburg
July 1-3, 1863
 Decisive Battle of the War
 Largest Battle ever in U.S.-
172,000 troops
(97,000 in Union
Army of the Potomac; 75,000 Conf.
Army of N. Va.)
 Most casualties of any battle
(51,000 combined)
 569 tons of ammunition
 Over 5,000 dead horses
Gettysburg
Little Round Top, July 1863
Dedication of Gettysburg National
Cemetery, Nov. 1863
Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
November 1863
The War in the South, 1863-1865
• Chattanooga
• Lookout Mountain
& Missionary Ridge
(Nov. 1863)
• William T. Sherman
• Atlanta (Sept. 1864)
• “March to the Sea”
Union General William T. Sherman
Ruined railway near Atlanta, destroyed by
Sherman’s troops
The Progress of War: 1861-1865
War in the East,
1864-1865
• Wilderness Campaign (May-June 1864)
• Seige of Petersburg (June 1864-Apr 2, 1865)
• Fall of Richmond
Ulysses S. Grant at
Cold Harbor
Virginia, June 1864
Richmond
April 1865
After Burning
by Union
Forces
Richmond
April 1865
Surrender
•
Lee’s Surrender, Appomattox Court House (April 9, 1865)
McClain House, Appomattox C.H., April 1865
War Deaths
Casualties on Both Sides