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Standard 8.78 Lesson
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Printed: November 19, 2015
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C HAPTER
Chapter 1. Standard 8.78 Lesson
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Standard 8.78 Lesson
8.78 Describe African-American involvement in the Union army, including the Massachusetts 54 th Regiment
and the 13 th U.S. Colored Troops in the Battle of Nashville, (C,H,TN)
African American Soldiers in the Civil War — Mr. Zoller
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5lNSvk9T2M
Over 200,000 African American soldiers signed up to fight in the Civil War by the end of the war. The US Army did
not accept black soldiers; however, the Navy did allow African Americans to serve on their ships.
Frederick Douglass was very vocal about the enlistment of black soldiers and believed they could help the North.
Finally, when the Union Army badly needed soldiers and it looked like the end of the war was not near, Congress
passed the Second Confiscation and Militia Act which allowed President Lincoln to “employ as many persons of
African descent as he may deem necessary and proper for the suppression of this rebellion. . . ” (History.com).
In 1863 Massachusetts governor John A. Andrew put out the call for black soldiers. The 1000 that enlisted formed
the first black regiment formed in the north, the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment. Many of the soldiers that
joined this regiment were not from Massachusetts. Many came from slave states, Canada and the Caribbean. Robert
Gould Shaw was chosen to lead the regiment.
Pictured Above: Original Massachusetts 54th voluntary regiment
FIGURE 1.1
Glory — Clip prior to battle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrMoki4-weM
African American soldiers captured during battle were in danger. Many were executed or enslaved. Jefferson Davis,
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President of the Confederate, supported these actions. Even though black soldiers served right along with white
soldiers their pay was not equal. Black soldiers were paid $10/week, and white soldiers were paid $3 more.
The 54th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that saw extensive service in the
Union Army during the American Civil War . The regiment was one of the first official African-American units
in the United States during the Civil War. [1] The 1st South Carolina Volunteers , recruited from freed slaves, was
the first Union Army regiment organized with African-American soldiers in the Civil War, though many AfricanAmericans had fought in the American Revolution and the War of 1812 on both sides.
From www.history.com, learn about he 54th Regiment of Massachusetts
http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/the-54th-massachusetts-infantry
FIGURE 1.2
The Fifty-fourth Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment was the first military unit consisting of black soldiers
to be raised in the North during the Civil War. Prior to 1863, no concerted effort was made to recruit black troops as
Union soldiers. The adoption of the Emancipation Proclamation in December of 1862 provided the impetus for the
use of free black men as soldiers and, at a time when state governors were responsible for the raising of regiments
for federal service, Massachusetts was the first to respond with the formation of the Fifty-fourth Regiment.
The formation of the regiment was a matter of controversy and public attention from its inception. Questions were
raised as to the black man’s ability to fight in the "white man’s war." Although Massachusetts governor John A.
Andrew believed that black men were capable of leadership, others felt that commissioning blacks as officers was
simply too controversial; Andrew needed all the support he could get. The commissioned officers, then, were white
and the enlisted men black. Any black officers up to the rank of lieutenant were non-commissioned and reached
their positions by moving up through the ranks. On 28 May 1863, upon the presentation of the unit’s colors by
the governor and a parade through the streets of Boston, spectators lined the streets with the hopes of viewing this
experimental unit. The regiment then departed Boston on the transport De Molay for the coast of South Carolina.
Information from the Massachusetts Historical Society http://www.masshist.org/online/54thregiment/essay.php?en
try_id=528
In Tennessee the 13th US Colored troops were instrumental in fighting in the Battle of Nashville, a battle in which
the first Confederate capital was captured by the Union army. By the end for the battle the colored troop had lost
about forty percent of its soldiers. The troop was disbanded in 1865.
Pictured Above: Tennessee colored regiment
Information - 13th US Colored Infantry
http://www.tngennet.org/civilwar/usainf/usa13c.html
United States 13th Colored Infantry
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pPTH83bDwYw
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Chapter 1. Standard 8.78 Lesson
FIGURE 1.3
The Battle of Nashville, by Kurz Allison, created/published circa 1891 An artistic rendering of the US Colored
Troops at this key Civil War Battle Source: Library of Congress, Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-pga-01886,LCUSZC4-506, LC-USZ62-1289
The Battle of Nashville was a two-day battle fought on December 15–16, 1864. It is considered a major success by
the Union army over Confederate forces in the Western Theater of the Civil War. (Western Theater = west of the
Appalachian Mountains, but east of the Mississippi River.) African Americans, who as laborers helped to build fort
ifications for the city, fought as soldiers to protect it in that decisive battle. They, and the Union, won.
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