Download Anatomy Notes section 1.7 - Johnson 1st Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy Notes section 1.7 Anatomical Terminology
pp 14-18.
Researchers and clinicians dev. set of precise terms to describe
anatomy- communicate effectively.
-relative positions of body parts
- relate to imaginary planes along which cuts can be made
-describe body regions
All of the above assume body is in Anatomical Position.
Anatomical Position:
• standing erect
• face forward
• arms at sides
• feet/palms forward
• feet parallel and close
Relative Positions: describes the location of one body part
w/respect to another.
1. Superior- a body part is above another or is closer to the
head.
2. Inferior-body part is below another body par or is closer
to the feet.
3. Anterior-(ventral)- means toward the front.
4. Posterior-(dorsal)- opposite of anterior, toward the back.
5. Medial- refers to an imaginary midline dividing the body
into 2 equal right and left halves.
6. Lateral- toward the side with respect to the imaginary
line.
7. Bilateral-refers to paired structures, one of which is on
one side. ( lungs)
8. Ipsilateral –refers to structures on the same side.
9. Contralateral- refers t structures on opposite sides
10. Proximal- describes a body part that is closer to the
point of attachment to the trunk than any other body
part. Proximal may also refer to another reference
point.
11. Distal-the opposite of proximal. It means that the
particular body part is farther from a point of
attachment to the trunk than any other body part.
12. Superficial- situated near the surface. Peripheral also
means outward or near surface.
13. Deep- describes parts that are more internal than
superficial parts.
Body Sections:
The relative locations and organization of internal body
parts requires cutting or sectioning the body along various
planes.
1. Sagittal: lengthwise plane, divides body into right and left
portions. (midsagittal-If a sagittal plane passes
along the midline and divides the body into
equal parts.) (Parasagittal a sagittal section
lateral to the midline.)
2. Transverse: horizontal- divides body into superior and
inferior portions.
3. Coronal: frontal- divides body into anterior and posterior
positions.
Cylindrical parts may be cut in cross sections, oblique
section (at an angle) or longitudinal section. Fig 1.15 p 16 in
text.
Body Regions
Abdominal Area is divided into 9 regions. P 17 figure 1.16
1. Epigastric region- upper middle portion.
2. Left and right hypochondriac regions- lie on each
side of the epigastric region.
3. Umbilical region- refers to the middle portion.
4. Left and right lumbar regions- lie on each side of the
umbilical region.
5. Hypogastric region- lower middle portion.
6. Left and right iliac regions- lie on each side of the
hypogastric region.
The abdominal area is often subdivided into 4 quadrants.