Download Regents Review

Regents Review
US History & Government
Tuesday 5/13
How did each of the following contribute
to the Civil War?
• Compromise of 1850
– California joined the Union as a free state
– Popular Sovereignty would determine slavery in the Mexican Cession
– Fugitive Slave Act would force slaves to return to the South
• Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)
– An emotional work of fiction that depicted the evils of slavery. It became a
best seller in the North
• Kansas Nebraska Act (1854)
– Overturned the Missouri Compromise and allowed popular sovereignty in the
Kansas Nebraska Territory. Led to ‘Bleeding Kansas.’
• Birth of the Republican Party (1854)
– A sectional political party that arose in reaction to the Kansas-Nebraska Act. It
opposed the spread of slavery to the territories.
– “Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men”
How did each of the following contribute
to the Civil War?
• The Dred Scott Case (1857)
– No person of African descent was a citizen
– Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional
– 5th Amendment protected slave owners
• John Brown’s Raid at Harper’s Ferry (1859)
– Brown planned to steal weapons and start a slave uprising.
– He was captured and executed for leading a raid on an arsenal in West Virginia.
– Brown was viewed as a martyr after his execution.
• The Presidential Election of 1860
– The Democratic Party split (North vs. South)
– Lincoln (Republican) was elected with 39% of the vote (He won NO southern
states)
Civil War Review
What advantages and disadvantages did the North & South have entering the Civil War?
Union
Advantages
Disadvantages
• Larger
Population
• More
Economic
Resources
• Stronger
Political
Leadership
• Strong World
Recognition
• Strong Navy
• Weaker Reason
for Fighting
• Weak Military
Leadership
• Lack of
Knowledge of
Land
• Long Supply
Lines
• Few North/South
Railroads
Confederacy
Advantages
• Fighting on
home soil
• Strong
Military
Leadership
• Strong
Morale
Disadvantages
• Less Industry
• Less Technology
• Fewer Economic
Resources
• Fewer People Able
to Fight
• Weak Political
Leadership
• Weak Navy That
Could Not Break
Blockade
Civil War Review
• What were the ‘Border States’?
• States that stayed loyal to the Union despite permitting slavery (Missouri, Kentucky,
West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware
• What happened to civil liberties during the Civil War?
• Civil liberties were limited. Lincoln suspended habeas corpus and arrested southern
sympathizes in Maryland
• What was the significance of the Battle of Antietam and the Battle of
Gettysburg?
• After Antietam, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation (ending slavery in areas
of rebellion). This turned the war from a conflict over states’ rights to a war over slavery
• Gettysburg was the turning point in the war. After this battle, the South’s defeat was
inevitable
• What was Total War?
• The destruction of all food, supplies, and civilian morale in enemy territory, to force an
end to the war
• Gen. Sherman used total war in his ‘March to Sea’ from Atlanta to Savannah
• How did the war impact the North and the South?
• The war was an engine of economic growth in the North and ushered in the age of
Industrialization.
• In the South, the war was economically devastating. It took the region approx 100 years
to fully recover.
Reconstruction Review
• How was Presidential Reconstruction different from Congressional
(Radical) Reconstruction?
• Presidential reconstruction was lenient on the South (Lincoln’s 10% Plan)
• Congressional reconstruction was harsh on the South (Military Reconstruction)
• Why was President Andrew Johnson impeached?
• Formally he was accused of breaking the ‘Tenure of Office Act.’ However in
reality, Northern Republicans hated Johnson (a Southern Democrat) and who
had vetoed the Freedman’s Bureau
• Who upheld Reconstruction in the South?
• African-Americans; Carpetbaggers & Scalawags
• How did the Reconstruction Amendments change the Constitution?
• 13th Amendment – ended slavery
• 14th Amendment – all people born in the US are citizens (equal protection
clause)
• 15th Amendment – granted all men the right to vote
Reconstruction Review
• Why did Reconstruction end in 1877?
– The result of the President Election of 1877 was disputed
– The Democrats and Republicans make a deal (Compromise of 1877):
• The Republican candidate (Hayes) becomes president
• The Democrats get the withdrawal of troops from southern states.
• How did the Redeemers change the South?
• Redeemers (often old Confederates) were elected to office in Southern
states with the promise of restoring white supremacy through poll taxes,
literacy tests, grandfather clauses, lynching & KKK attacks
• What was the ‘New South’?
• Some industrialization but mostly agricultural and very poor (sharecropping)
• Segregation (Jim Crow laws) were made legal in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
• How did Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois work to improve
conditions for African-Americans
• Washington: argued for economic betterment without directly challenging
southern segregation (Tuskegee Institute)
• Du Bois: demanded full social, economic and political equality immediately,
especially for the ‘talented tenth’ (NAACP)
12 Significant Presidencies
Washington
Jefferson
Jackson
Polk
• Set precedents (i.e.
cabinet)
• Hamilton’s Financial
Plan
• Whiskey Rebellion
• Proclamation of
Neutrality & Farewell
Address
• Revolution of 1800
• Favored limited
government
• Opposed Hamilton’s
Financial Plan
• Strict Construction
• Louisiana Purchase
• Vetoed Bank of US
• Ignored Supreme
Court (Worcester v.
Georgia)
• Supported Trail of
Tears
• Used the Spoils
System
• Popular Campaigning
• Nominating
Conventions
• Manifest Destiny “54
40 or Fight”
• Mexican American
War
• Gained Oregon
Territory
• Gained Mexican
Cession
12 Significant Presidencies
Lincoln
T. Roosevelt
Wilson
F. Roosevelt
• First Republican
• Civil War to maintain
the Union
• Issued Emancipation
Proclamation
• Gettysburg Address
• 10% Plan
• Assassinated
• Progressive
• Square Deal
• Trustbuster
• Conservationist
• Pure Food and Drug
Act
• Meat Inspection Act
• Great White Fleet
• Roosevelt Corollary
• Progressive
• Clayton Antitrust
• Federal Reserve
• Federal Trade
Commission
• Led the nation in
WWI “War to end all
wars”
• 14 Points (League of
Nations(
• Failed to get Treaty
of Versailles ratified
• New Deal
• Greatly expanded
the Power of Federal
government (Social
Security, FDIC, SEC…)
• Good Neighbor
Policy
• Led the US during
World War II
• Japanese-American
Internment
• Elected 4 times to
the Presidency
12 Significant Presidencies
Truman
Johnson
• Use of Atomic Bomb • Great Society (‘War
to end WWII
on Poverty’
• Containment
programs Head Start,
(Truman Doctrine,
Food Stamps,
Marshall Plan, NATO) Medicare….)
• Korean War
• Promoted Civil Rights
• Fair Deal
(Civil Rights Act &
Voting Rights Act)
• Gulf of Tonkin
Resolution &
Escalation in
Vietnam
Nixon
• ‘Peace with Honor’
• Nixon Doctrine
(Vietnamization)
• Détente (improved
relations with China
& USSR)
• Paris Peace Accords
of 1973
• Southern Strategy
• Watergate
Reagan
• Conservative on
social issues
• Believed in smaller
government & lower
taxes
• Supply-side
economics
(Reaganomics)
• Huge budget deficits
• Arms control with
USSR
• Reagan Doctrine
• Iran-Contra Scandal
Select two laws passed by the US Congress and for each:
Discuss the historical circumstances
Discuss the impact on American society
Kansas Nebraska Act
GI Bill
• Missouri Compromise stated that
Historical
Kansas-Nebraska would be free
circumstances
•
•
Impact on
society
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
territory
•
Stephen Douglas wants a railroad
built
Douglas supports popular
sovereignty in order to get support •
in the Senate for his railroad
Bleeding Kansas (pro and anti
slavery forces fight)
John Brown’s massacre
Divides the country over the issue
of slavery in the territories
Kansas becomes a free state
Republican Party created
Lincoln (Republican) wins the
Election of 1860 leading to the
start of Civil War
•
•
•
•
There were not enough jobs for returning
WWII soldiers (GIs)
The government decides to invest in them
and provides a free college education and a
cheap loan to purchase a house or start a
business (GI Bill).
This would provide a boost for the
economy
The middle class and the number of
colleges increase as former soldiers get a
college education
With a college education, former GIS
become of white collar professionals often
working for corporations
With economic security, the ‘Baby Boom’
begins
Suburban communities grow as former GI
can now afford houses in places such as
Levittown. However inner cities decay and
there is more racial segregation