Download kingdom fungi - Napa Valley College

4/21/2012
KINGDOM FUNGI
CHARACTERISTICS OF ALL
FUNGI
PHYLUM
CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA
Allomyces: Chytrids
PHYLUM ZYGOMYCOTA
PHYLUM ASCOMYCOTA
Rhizopus:
Zygomycete
PHYLUM BASIDIOMYCOTA
BASIDIOMYCETES
HYMENOMYCETES
GASTEROMYCETES
TELIOMYCETES
USTOMYCETES
Mycology- study of fungi
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MORE THAN 70,000 SPECIES
HETEROTROPHIC THALLUS (LACK VASCULATURE)
PLANT
THEY LIVE EVERYWHERE!
LIKE PLANTS: SESSILE NATURE
MITOSIS/MEIOSIS- NUCLEAR
MEMBRANE STAYS INTACT
ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTIVE
MAINLY BY SPORES
PRINCIPLE DECOMPOSERS NECESSARY FOR
CONTINUED LIFE
COMPOSITION: HYPHAE (ASEPTATE/SEPTATE)
MYCELIUM
Yeast: Ascomycete Shelf fungi: Basidiomycete
CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA:
CHYTRIDS
ROUGHLY 790 SPECIES
CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA:
CHYTRIDS
MOSTLY AQUATIC AND COENOCYTIC
BELIEVED TO HAVE EVOLVED FROM PROTISTS
ONLY PHYLUM WITH FAGELLATED-SPORES AND CENTRIOLES
ALTERATION OF GENERATIONS: SPORIC MEIOSIS
Allomycetes- Anisogamy gametangia
Synchytriun endobioticum: Black wart of
potatoes
ZYGOMYCOTA
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MORE CLOSELY RELATED TO ANIMALS THAN PLANTS
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CELL WALL: CHITIN
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STORAGE MOLECULE: GLYCOGEN
Amanita Muscaria
ROUGHLY 1,060 SPECIES
MOST SAPROPHYTIC, CAN BE PARASITIC
FORM SYMBIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS WITH PLANTS
RHIZOPUS AND CHOANEPHORA ARE DIFFERENT GENERA OF
ZYGOMYCETES THAT CAUSE DISEASE IN LIVING PLANT TISSUE.
Rhizopus Stolonifer
choanephora cucurbitarum
Zygomycota
4/21/2012
ASCOMYCO
TA
ASCOMYCOTA
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ROUGHLY 33,000 SPECIES
MANY PLANT PATHOGENS
MANY YEASTS
MOST OF THE LICHEN-FORMING FUNGAL SPECIES BELONG HERE
EITHER UNICELLULAR OR FILAMENTOUS GROWTH FORMS
SOME ARE HOMOTHALLIC AND OTHERS ARE HETEROTHALLIC
Caloplaca saxicola: lichens
Tuber melanoeporum: Truffles
BASIDIOMYCOT
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BASIDIOMYCOTA
• PHYLUM BASIDIOMYCOTA: 3 DIVISIONS
• BASIDIOMYCETES
HYMENOMYCETES- SPORES PRODUCED ON SPECIAL VISIBLE
HYMENIUM STRUCTURE
GASTEROMYCETES- HYMENIUM IS ENCLOSED UNTIL AFTER
SPORES HAVE MATURED
Gastromycete: Crucibulum laeve
Hymenomytes:Agaricus bisporus
BASIDIOMYCOT
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TELIOMYCETES: PLANTS PATHOGENS THAT FORM RUST ON
LEAVES
• USTOMYCETES: PARASITES OF FLOWERING PLANTS
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Ustomycetes: Ustilago maydis, Corn smut
Teliomycetes: Puccinia graminis,
Wheat rust
FUNGI
FACTS
•TOLYCLADIUM INFLATUM- CYCLOPORIN PRODUCTION
PREVENTS REJECTION OF ORGAN TRANSPLANTS
• MANY IMPORTANT SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS LIKE
THE FUNGUS “GARDENS” FOR ANTS
•ANTIBIOTICS- PENICILLIN
Bioluminescent Fungi:
Neonothopanus gardneri
•MICORRHIZAL ASSOCIATIONS
•FOOD:
WINE AND BEER
CHEESE
• Cultivated Mushroom Agaricus sp.
BIOLUMINESCENT FUNGI NATIVE TO BRAZIL
CHERNOBYL FUNGI GROWTH WITH THE
PRODUCTION MELANIN
Chernobyl Fungus Feeds On Radiation